2017年高考英语必备高频单词：absence

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▲2017年高考英语必备高频单词：absence

U C 1.缺席; 不在 the fact of sb being away from a place where they are usually expected to be; the occasion or period of time when sb is away

C 2.不存在; 缺乏 the fact of sb/sth not existing or not being available; non-existence; lack

▲2017年高考英语必备高频单词：absence

1.absence的基本意思是某人“缺席; 离开; 不在场”,通常指该在而“不在”。指“不在”或“缺席”这一事实时是不可数名词; 指“不在场的次数或时间”时是可数名词,有复数形式。引申可表示某人、某物或某事“缺乏”或者“不存在”,即不具有应具备或想要的东西。

2.absence 接介词 from表示“离开某地,不在某地”; 接介词 at 或 in表示“不在某地而在他处”; 接介词of表示某人、某物或者某事物“缺乏”或者“不存在”。而in absence意为“在缺乏或不存在的情况下”; in sb’s absence意为“当某人不在时,在某人离开时”; in the absence of则意为“在缺少…时”。

▲2017高考英语高频词解析：absence

动词+～

account for one’s absence 说明缺席的原因

mark the absence of students 记录学生的缺席

形容词+～

constant absence 经常缺席

enforced absence 被迫离开

excused absence 因故缺席

frequent absence from work 屡次缺勤

momentary absence 短暂的离开

numerous absences 数次缺席

occasional absence 偶尔缺席

short absence 短时间离开

temporary absence 暂时离开

three-year absence 离开三年

unavoidable absence 不得已的缺席

unexcused absence 无故缺席

名词+～

business absence 因事缺席

～+名词

absence rate 缺勤率

介词+～

leave of absence 请假

on leave of absence 休假

ask for leave of absence 请假

in the absence of 在缺少…时

in the event of sb’s absence 在某人不在时

sentence sb in his absence 对某人进行缺席宣判

in sb’s absence 在某人不在时,在某人离开时

during sb’s absence 在某人不在时,在某人离开时

return from a day’s absence 离开一天后回来

short meetings between long absences 相隔很久的短暂相会

be conspicuous by one’s absence 因缺席而引人注目

～+介词

absence from 缺席

absence from duty 缺勤

absence from home 离家

absence from school 缺课

absence from work 缺勤

absence of 缺乏…; …不存在

absence of adequate evidence 缺乏足够的证据

absence of business 无生意

absence of content 没有内容

absence of definite information 没有确切消息

absence of detail 不详尽

absence of evidence 缺乏证据

absence of honest intention 缺乏诚意

absence of mind 心不在焉

absence of order 无秩序

absence of reason 缺乏理智

absence of self-respect 不自重

absence of stock 没有存货

absence of three months 离开三个月

absence of twenty minutes 离开二十分钟

absence of vulgarity 脱俗

absence without leave 擅自缺席

▲2017高考英语高频词解析：absence

in sb's absence

当某人不在时while sb is not there

They made the decision in my absence.我不在的时候,他们做了决定。

He acted as Chairman in my absence.在我离开期间,他代行主席职务。

Has your business been attended to by her in your absence你不在的时候,事务一直由她处理吗

Don't speak ill of a person in his absence.不要在背后说人坏话。

in the absence of

缺乏,不存在 the fact of sb/sth not existing or not being available; a lack of sth

In the absence of definite evidence the prisoner was set free.因缺乏确凿证据,囚犯被释放了。

In the absence of exact data, these discussions are bootless. 由于缺乏确切的资料,这些讨论是徒劳的。

In the absence of any further evidence the police were unable to solve the murder.由于缺乏进一步的证据,警方无法侦破那起谋杀案。

The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite proof. 此案因缺乏确凿证据而不予受理。

In the absence of any other explanation, we decided the wind had blown the door open.因为没有别的解释,所以我们断定门是被风吹开的。

▲2017高考英语必背单词：absence

Absence increased as a result of the spread of the disease.由于疾病的蔓延,缺席人数增加了。

Absence diminished as the new regulations are enforced.由于执行了新规章,缺席情况减少了。

Absence and distance make the overseas Chinese heart increasingly fond of their homeland.华侨离乡背井,远居海外,因此他们在感情上越来越向往故乡。

His frequent and prolonged absences were making his wife suspicious.他频繁且长时间的不在家引起了妻子的怀疑。

Her husband’s absence increased the weight on her shoulders.丈夫不在,加重了她肩上的担子。

He didn’t notice your absence. 他没有发现你缺席。

He made up a story to explain his absence.他编造谎言为他的缺席开脱。

Nobody could explain his absence.没有人能解释他缺席的原因。

I was much disappointed at his absence.他不在,我很失望。

▲2017高考英语必背单词：absence

absence, lack, shortage, want

这组词都有“缺乏”的意思。其区别是：

1.从内容上说:absence指在某一特定的场合应具备或想要的某一事物或事实; lack指应具备或需要的东西; shortage指按规定应具备或需要的数量; want则指缺少必不可少的东西,尤指为一整体的完美所必须具备的东西。

2.从程度上说:absence指根本就不存在; lack指完全没有或不够充足; shortage指部分短缺或开始减少; want则指缺少。

3.从用法上说:absence, lack和want都是不可数名词,间或可加不定冠词; 而shortage可用作不可数名词,也可用作可数名词。

下面各组中的短语意思不同:

in sb’s absence

在某人不在的情况下

during sb’s absence

在某人不在期间

in the absence of a chairman

缺少主席(实际上没有主席)

in the absence of the chairman

主席不在场的

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