2017年高考英语必备高频单词：absorb

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▲2017年高考英语必备高频单词：absorb

vt. 1.吸收 take in a liquid, gas or other substance from the surface or space around

vt. 2.使并入; 吞并 make sth smaller become part of sth larger

vt. 3.理解; 掌握 take sth into the mind and learn or understand it

vt. 4.吸引全部注意力; 使全神贯注 interest sb very much so that they pay no attention to anything else; completely fill the attention of

vt. 5.减轻…的作用 reduce the effect of a blow, hit, etc.; reduce the harmful effects of a physical force

vt. 6.耗费,耗去 use up a large supply of sth, especially money or time

vt. 7.承受; 承担,对付 deal with changes, effects, costs, etc.

▲2017年高考英语必备高频单词：absorb

1.absorb的基本意思是“吸收”,可指吸收液体、气体、光、热、能等,也指吸收抽象的知识、文化、经验、教训、思想、方法等,含有“以此丰富了吸收者”之意,并暗示“吸收”的渐进性和彻底性。absorb作“吞并; 并入”解时指把一个较小的国家、团体或组织变成一个较大的国家、团体或组织的一部分,被吞并者失去了自己原有的个性或特征。

2.absorb作“吸收”解时主语可以是人,也可以是物,宾语则是无生命的事或物;作“吞并”解时主语和宾语都是国家、团体或组织;作“使全神贯注”解时主语是人、事或物,宾语是人或人的精力、兴趣等;作“减轻…的作用”解时主要用于打击、碰撞等;作“耗费,耗去”解时主要用于大量的金钱、时间等;作“承受; 承担,对付 ”解时主要用于变化、结果、费用等。

3.absorb作“吸收”“吞并”“使全神贯注”解时常用于被动结构。be absorbed作“聚精会神地干某事”解时应接“in+动名词”,不能接动词不定式。

▲2017高考英语高频词解析：absorb

～+名词

absorb sb's attention 吸引某人的注意力

absorb shares 吸收股份

absorb noise 吸收噪音

absorb nutrition 吸收营养

absorb moisture 吸收潮气

absorb new subscribers 吸收新订户

absorb knowledge 掌握知识

absorb light 吸收光

absorb loss 承担亏损

absorb millions of immigrants 吸收并同化数以百万计的移民

absorb ink 吸墨水

absorb interest 吸引兴趣

absorb gas 吸气

absorb heat 吸热

absorb experience 吸取经验

absorb foods 吸收食物

absorb essence and discard dross 吸取精华,剔除糟粕

absorb essence and reject dross 吸取精华,剔除糟粕

absorb carbon dioxide 吸收二氧化碳

absorb energy 吸收能量

absorb as much information as possible 尽可能多地吸收信息

absorb attention 吸引注意力

absorb a small company 合并一个小公司

absorb a small state 吞并一个小国家

absorb ammonia in water 用水吸收氨

absorb another country 吞并另一个国家

absorb shock 减震

absorb sound 吸收声音

absorb sunlight 吸收阳光

absorb the rain 吸收雨水

absorb water 吸水

absorb what is useful 吸收有用的东西

absorb what is worthwhile 吸收有价值的东西

absorb workload 承担工作量

～+副词

absorb completely 完全吸收

absorb immediately 立即吸收

absorb incessantly 持续不断地吸收

absorb intelligently 明智地吸收

absorb partially 部分吸收

absorb passively 消极地吸收

absorb properly 适当地吸收

absorb quickly 迅速吸收

absorb rapidly 迅速吸收

absorb shortly 立即吸收

absorb slowly 慢慢地吸收

absorb totally 全部吸收

absorb utterly 完全吸收

absorb wholly 完全吸收

～+介词

absorb into 把…吞〔并〕入…

absorb sth from 从…吸收

be absorbed by the problem 全神贯注于这个问题上

be absorbed in 全神贯注在…上,专心于

be absorbed in study 埋头学习

be absorbed in the work 埋头工作

be absorbed in the experiment 专心于实验

be absorbed in thoughts 陷于沉思

be absorbed in (reading) a book 专心读书

be absorbed with the problem 全神贯注于这个问题上

▲2017高考英语高频词解析：absorb

be absorbed in〔with〕

全神贯注于,专心致志于give all one's attention to sth or doing sth

be absorbed in sb/oneself

I had never met anyone so absorbed in himself as he seemed.我从来没有见过像他那样专心致志的人。

be absorbed in〔with〕 sth/v-ing

I was absorbed in a book and didn't hear you call.我(当时)正专心读一本书,没有听见你叫我。

Kevin is absorbed in the cartoon.凯文全神贯注于卡通片。

They are absorbed in the experiment.他们专心于实验。

He was absorbed in his study〔work〕.他全神贯注地读书〔工作〕。

Mary was absorbed in thought.玛丽在沉思。

She was absorbed in her thoughts. 她全神贯注于自己的思绪中。

All of us were deeply absorbed in happy reminiscences.我们都深深地沉浸在幸福的回忆中。

For Marx, work had become a passion, and he was so absorbed in it that he often forgot his meals.对马克思来说,工作已经成了一种爱好。他往往埋头工作,把吃饭都忘了。

He seemed to be more absorbed in his pipe than in what you were saying.他好像在聚精会神地吸烟,而没有注意听你讲的话。

His whole soul is absorbed in saving his country. 他一心扑到拯救祖国的事业上。

He had been so absorbed in watching the car passing by that he didn't notice his friends coming.他是如此专心地注视着那辆车从他身边开过,以至于他的朋友来了都没有看到。

She was absorbed with the mathematical problem.她专心致志地演算数学题。

Everyone was absorbed with the beautiful scenery.人人都为这美丽的景色所陶醉。

He had been so absorbed with watching the building that he hadn't heard footsteps on the gravel path.他留神观察那栋建筑，竟没有听见砾石路上的脚步声。

absorb into(v.+prep.)

1.吸收take sth in

absorb sth into sth

Animals absorb foods into their bodies.动物把食物吸收到体内。

◇ 常用于be ～ed结构

The cream is easily absorbed into the skin. 这种乳霜皮肤易吸收。

The drug is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream. 药物被迅速吸收到血液中。

Certain chemicals are easily absorbed into the bloodstream, while others are not.某些化学药品很容易溶于血液,有些则不行。

2.把…并入mix or merge sth into

absorb sb/sth into sb/sth

That country had absorbed some small states into her empire.那个国家曾将几个小国合并到她的帝国中去。

◇ 常用于be ～ed结构

People of many different nationalities have, over the years, been absorbed into the population of the city.这些年来,各民族的人逐渐与这座城市的居民相融合。

Rebel militias were simply absorbed into the national army.叛军径直被收编入了国民军。

Most little shops have been absorbed into big businesses.绝大多数小店铺都并入了大商行。

The small firms were absorbed into large cartels.这些小商行已被合并为大的卡特尔。

The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city. 四周的小城镇已并入这座城市。

Our countryside is increasingly being absorbed into the large cities. 我们的农村正在不断地被大城市所吞并。

▲2017高考英语必背单词：absorb

用作及物动词

S+～+n./pron.

Paper absorbs moisture.纸吸潮气。

A sponge absorbs water easily.海绵易于吸水。

Dry earth absorbs water quickly.干土吸水很快。

The towel absorbed water from the sink.毛巾吸收了洗脸池里的水。

Towels absorb moisture.毛巾吸收水汽。

This kind of material absorbs water easily.这种物质容易吸水。

Frogs absorb water through their skins. 青蛙借皮肤吸收水分。

◇ 用于be ～ed结构

The heat is absorbed by the water.热量被水吸收了。

I was completely absorbed by your letter. 我被你的信完全吸引住了。

He is utterly absorbed by the film's show unfolding.影片的情节慢慢展开，他完全被迷住了。

Be quiet, children. I am absorbed by the mathematical problem.安静些，孩子们，我正专心做数学题呢。

Most of the refugees were absorbed by the growing service sector.大部分难民被不断发展的服务部门吸纳了。

The surrounding villages have been absorbed by the growing city.周围的村庄并入了日益扩展的城市。

Small businesses are absorbed by large ones.小公司已被大公司所吞并。

The effects of the job losses have been partially absorbed by the increase in training schemes. 失业的影响已部分被培训计划的增加抵消了。

▲2017高考英语必背单词：absorb

absorb, assimilate, digest

这三个词意义相近,都可指“吸收”,也都强调“吸收的彻底性”。其区别是:

1.食物首先是digest(消化),然后在血液里absorb(吸收),最后在血液所流过的每一个细胞里一点点地assimilate(转化)为吸收体的物质。

2.在语气上, assimilate＞digest＞absorb。

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