2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:现在分词的垂悬结构

2016/09/27 01:53:40文/网编3

学分网给各位考生整理了2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:现在分词的垂悬结构,希望对大家有所帮助。更多的资讯请持续关注学分网。(http://www.xuefen.com.cn/)

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:现在分词的垂悬结构

所谓垂悬结构(The Dangling Construction)就是一个句子成分,如分词短语,不定式动词短语等,找不到被修饰的主语或被修饰的对象不合逻辑,一般叫做“垂悬分词”,在语法书上叫做“独立主格结构”。另外,值得注意的是“垂悬分词”是没有错的,要和错误的句法“悬垂结构”区别开来。“悬垂结构”是错误的句法,应该避免。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:现在分词的垂悬结构

现在分词作状语时,其逻辑主语应该与句子的主语一致,但有时现在分词的主语与其所在句中的主语并不一致,这种现在分词即所谓的垂悬现在分词。垂悬现在分词容易使句意模糊,甚至造成歧义,因而通常被认为是不合规范或错误的用法。

Searching along the deck,it had taken him some time to find a doctor.

他沿着甲板找了好久才找到一名医生。(searching的逻辑主语是句中的him)

Walking or sleeping,this subject was always in my mind.

不论是走路或睡觉,我总是在想着这个问题。

(walking or sleeping的逻辑主语是句中的my)

Traveling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳

The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果让学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。

The argument is very convincing.他的论点很令人信服。

They were very excited at the news.听到这个消息,他们非常激动。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:现在分词的垂悬结构

分词作表语时,相当于形容词,不可与构成进行时态和被动语态中的分词混淆起来。它们的形式是一样但可以从意义上予以区别。试比较:

The film is moving.这电影很感人。(表语,说明主语的性质)

They are moving next Sunday .他们下个周日搬家。(现在进行时,表示动作)

The bookstore is now closed.书店现 在已关门了。(表语,说明主语所处的状态)

The bookstore is usually closed at 7:30 p.m.书店通常在晚上7:30关门。(被动语态,表示动作)

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:现在分词的垂悬结构

结构

1.形容词性物主代词+doing

Her coming to help encouraged all of us.

2.名词所有格+doing

Jane's being so careless caused so much trouble.

3.人称代词的宾格+doing

Would you mind my/me using your call phone

4.名词+doing

She insisted on her son/her son's going to college.

注意:现在分词的复合结构作主语时,只能用1\2两种形式;作宾语或表语时,四种形式都可以用。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:现在分词的垂悬结构

下面是三种常见的垂悬结构及其改正方法:

⒈垂悬分词或分词短语,如:

① Climbing up the hill, several boars were seen.

这句子里的现在分词短语(present participial phrase)修饰主语“several boars”是错的;改正方法有二:

(a)确定是逻辑主语,使句子变成“Climbing up the hill, the explorers saw several boars.”

(b)把现在分词短语扩大为副词分句(也称状语从句):“When the explorers climbed up the hill, they saw several boars/ several boars were seen.”

⒉垂悬副词短语,如:

② After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.

这句的副词短语(adverb phrase)和主语“the fish”有什么逻辑关系呢真正的逻辑主语应该是“the fisherman”或“the angler”才对。改正方法和例①同:

(a) After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fisherman found that the fish began to bite.

(b) After the fisherman had put a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.

⒊垂悬不定式动词短语,如:

③ To write well, a lot of practice is needed.

④ To be a loyal employee, a sense of belonging is a must.

这两个句子的不定式动词短语(infinitive phrases)并不能修饰“practice”和“a sense of belonging”,真正的主语必须是“ 人”,如:

(a) To write well, one needs a lot of practice/a person has to practise a lot.

(b) To be a loyal employee, he or she must have a sense of belonging.

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:现在分词的垂悬结构

上述三类垂悬结构中,第一类发生的频率最高,必须注意。但是在下列三种情况下,分词短语是对的,它们并非垂悬结构:

第一,独立结构(The Absolute Construction,见3月7日《中英合谈》)中的分词短语有自己的主语,所以不是垂悬结构。例如:

① Such being the case, we can go home now./...it is not wrong to call it a day.

第二,当分词含有介词或连词性质时,它不需要逻辑主语,所以没有垂悬问题存在。例如:

② Owing to a lack of funds, the project has to be discontinued.

③ Provided that there is sufficient time, everyone can do the job better.

第三,当分词短语是用来表示说话者的态度或意见时,也不需要逻辑主语,因此也不存在着垂悬问题。例如:

④ Judging from his facial look, the news must have been terrible.

⑤ Taken as a whole, there is nothing wrong with the logic behind that idea

推荐阅读:

2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:现在分词的完成式
2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:"To"-不定式
2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:动词不定式的完成进行式
2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:动词不定式的完成式

THE END

最新文章

相关文章

2022年托福考试费用 托福考试多少钱一次
一对一英语网课平台有哪些 一对一英语网课哪些好
线上一对一英语有效果吗 线上一对一英语好吗
哪个英语线上课程比较好 英语线上课程怎么样
线上英语课哪个好 线上英语课靠谱吗