2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:现在分词的完成式

2016/09/27 01:45:15文/网编3

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▲高考英语语法必考知识点:现在分词的完成式

现在分词(present participle)(又称-ing形式,现在进行式,动名词) ,是分词的一种,分词又分为现在分词和过去分词,它们都是非限定动词,现在分词在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分(定语,表语,补语,状语),并且它们具有动词的性质,所以又是类动词的一种。一般式:doing; 一般被动式:being done; 完成式:having done; 完成被动式:having been done。 所有否定式都是在-ing前面加not ,包括独立主格形式。

现在分词在英语这一科目中,也是比较重要的一部分,具有双重性,一面具有动词的特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语;另一面具有形容词和副词的特征,可以充当表语,定语,状语,补足语,可以表示主动或正在进行的动作,是非谓语动词的一种。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:现在分词的完成式

现在分词的完成式表示其动作在谓语动词的动作之前完成。

Having finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV.

做完作业后,这个小女孩开始看电视。

Having lived in Beijing for many years, Carter knew the city well.

因为在北京住了多年,卡特对这个城市很熟悉。被动式

现在分词的被动式表示其逻辑主语为现在分词动作的承受者。

(1) 现在分词的一般被动式。如:

The building being built is our library.

正在建的那栋楼是我们的图书馆。

The question being discussed is of great importance.

正在讨论的问题非常重要。

(2) 现在分词的完成被动式。如:

Having been warned by the teacher, the students didn’t make such mistakes.

老师警告他们之后,学生们不再犯这样的错误了。

Having been told many times , he still did not know how to do it.

(人家)已经告诉他多少次了,他还是不知道怎么做。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:现在分词的完成式

现在分词完成式与一般式的区别

现在分词的一般式有时也可表示先于谓语的动作,它现在分词完成式的区别是:现在分词一般式所表示的动作虽然可以先于谓语动作,但两者之间没有时间间隔,而现在分词的完成式所表示先于谓语的动作则与谓语动作有一定的时间间隔。如:

Locking the door, he went out. 锁好门之后,他就出去了。

Having invited him here to speak,we’d better go to his lecture. 既然我们请了他来作报告,我们最好去听一下。

有时即使是分词动作与谓语动作几乎同时发生,但如果要强调分词动作的完成性,也应用现在分词的完成式:

Having bought our tickets,we went into the theatre. 我们买好票后就走进剧场。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:现在分词的完成式

现在分词的完成式一般不用作定语。如:

误:Do you know anyone having lost a cat 你知道有谁丢了一只猫吗

误:I want to talk to the person having broken the window. 我想同打破窗户的人谈谈。

若将以上现分词的完成式改为一般式也不可以(因为现在分词作后置定语时通常只表示与谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生的动作,而不能先于谓语动作而发生):

误:I want to talk to the person breaking the window.

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:现在分词的完成式

Exercise: 用现在分词或现在分词短语改写下列句子

1.Lily got up in the morning. She telephone the hospital to make an appointment.

2.While he was waiting for the bus in the street, he saw an accident.

3. Although Peter has never been to Beijing, he knew a lot about it.

4.After mother had finished washing the dishes, she went on to watch TV.

5.It rained heavily. So it caused flooding in that area.

6.Because he was so surprised, he couldn’t speak a word.

7.Because the boy didn’t know what to do, he telephoned his classmate.

8.If you practise speaking English every day, you will improve your spoken English.

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:现在分词的完成式

Exercise: 用从句改写下列分词或分词短语。

1. On seeing her mother, Debbie jumped with joy.

2. While Listening to the radio, he fell asleep.

3. When talking with his father , he made his father very angry.

4. Having eaten supper, they went out for a walk. Exercise: Multiple choice.

推荐阅读:

2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:"To"-不定式
2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:动词不定式的完成进行式
2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:现在分词-ing
2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:动词不定式

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