2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:时间状语从句

2016/09/26 02:43:38文/网编3

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▲高考英语语法必考知识点:时间状语从句

用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语,这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句。连接时间状语从句的连接词有:when, before, after, while, as soon as, until, since...... 这里要注意一点的是,如果主句是一般将来时,从句只能用一般现在时表示将来意义。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:时间状语从句精讲

1、由when,while引导的时间状语从句。

例如:连词细解

When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候,你就是在开始知道一些事物了。

When truth is buried under the ground ,it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.当真理被埋在地下的时候,它在生长,它感到压抑,它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力量,一旦冒出,它就会炸破一切!

Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。

You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it.当你的手在空气中挥动的时候,你就能感觉到空气在流动。

Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.(我们的校长边谈边笑。)

主要时态:主现从不限;主过从四过;主将从现。

2、由before和after引导的时间状语从句

注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语,并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成“就,才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时;如果before引导的主句谓语用的是过去完成时,则从句动词多用一般过去时,这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和 从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。例如:

It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。

Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。

My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。

They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。

After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的。

After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后,我们回家了。(从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时)

3、由till或until引导的时间状语从句。

till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同。till不可以用在句首,而until可以放在句首。例如:

I didn't go to bed until(till) my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。

It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。

I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。

I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。

Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。

4、由since引导的时间状语从句。

since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时。例如:

I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。

Where have you been since I last saw you 自上次我和你见面以后,你到哪里去了

It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。

It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。

5、由as soon as, 等引导的时间状语从句。

这些连词都表示“一……就”。例如:

I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭,我立即到那里去。

The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息,马上赶到了出事地点。

As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大,就给你来电话。

注意:hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时,主句应用倒装语序。例如:

He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家,就被邀请开始另一旅程。

No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起,他就起床劳动去了。

Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下,他就进来了。

He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。

6、由by the time引导的时间状语从句。

注意时态的变化:在一般情况下,如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时;如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时,主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如:

By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时,我已经写完这本书了。

By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候,我将已经完成此工作了。

由each time, every time等引导的时间状语从句。

例如:

Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨,总是来看我。

Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候,我猜想他就要说谎了。

You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你,见你更年轻了。

7、由as long as和so long as引导的条件状语从句。

这两个连词表示“只要“例如:

You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以随意到哪里去,只要在天黑以前回来就行。

I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存,我就要反对这种境况。

一、when“当……时”,引导时间状语从句时,从句用于表示主句动作发生的特定时间。如:

The days get longer when spring comes. = When spring comes, the days get longer.春天到来时,白天变得更长了。

二、before“在……之前”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前。如:

Close the door before you leave the room.离开房间前关上门。

三、after“在……之后”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。如:

I went to school after I finished my breakfast.吃完早饭后我就去上学了。

四、as soon as“一……就……”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句动作紧接着从句动作发生。如:

I’ll call you as soon as I get home.我一到家就给你打电话。

五、until, till“直到”,引导时间状语从句。当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时,主句常用肯定形式;当主句谓语动词是非延续性动词时,主句要用否定形式,即“not…until/till…”意为“直到……才……”。如:

I’ll wait here until/till the rain stops.我将在这里等着,直到雨停。

You can’t go home until/till you finish your work.直到你完成你的工作,你才能回家。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:时间状语从句

when, while和as的区别

when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。例如:When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时,我停止吃饭。(瞬时动词)

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时,我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)

We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了。

While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如:

While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时发生) 。

I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。(对比)

As表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。例如:

We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。(as表示“一边……一边”)

As we were going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)

对before从句的理解

before的本意为“在……之前”,根据具体语境还可理解为“还没来得及/还没有……就……,趁着还没……就……,不知不觉就……,……才……”等。如:

I had not sat long before he came back. 我没坐多久他就回来了。

He almost knocked me down before he saw me. 他几乎把我撞倒才看到我。

Before I could get in a word, he measured me. 我还来得及插话,他就给我量好了尺寸。

I’ll water the flowers before it gets dark. 我要趁着天还没黑把花浇好水。

Be a pupil before you become a teacher. 先做学生,后做先生。

Time passed quickly and three months went by before she knew it. 时间过得飞快,她不知不觉就在那里度过了三个月

I will die before I will betray my country. 我宁可死也不会背叛我的国家。

对since从句的理解

1. since从句的谓语动词是终止性动词照字面意思理解。如:

I’ve been feeling down since I lost my job. 自从失去工作后,我的情绪一直处于低潮。

2. since从句谓语动词延续性动词,且为现在完成时时,仍然按字面意思理解。如:

She has never come to see me since I have lived in the city. 自从我住到城里,她就一直不来看我。

3. since从句谓语动词延续性动词,且为一般过去时时,按与字面意思相反的意思理解。如:

I have made great progress since I was ill. 我自病愈以来取得了很大的进步。

4.since前有ever,或从句谓语动词是be且后接表示人成长过程中的某个阶段或年龄的名词、形容词时,仍然按字面意思理解。如:

I have lived here ever since I was a child. 我从还是个孩子时就一直住在这儿。

对till/until从句的理解

1. 主句为肯定式,主句谓语动词必须为持续性动词,且该动词所表示的动作或状态一直延续到until/till从句所表示的时间为止,可译作“(直)到……”。如:

He waited until/till I returned. 他一直等到我回来。

2. 主句为否定式(包括含no, nobody, nothing, never, hardly, little等否定词的肯定句),若主句谓语动词是非持续性动词,则该动词所表示的动作在until/till从句表示的时间开始发生。一般先译从句“直到……”,后译主句,not 译成“才”,即“直到……才……”。如:

His mother didn’t leave until/till he was asleep. 直到他睡着了,他母亲才离开。

Nobody can leave until/till the meeting is over. 直到散会才能离开。

3. 主句为否定式,若主句谓语动词是持续性动词,则须根据上下文去理解until/till从句的含义,一般译为“直到……才……”或“没有到……”。如:

He didn’t wait until/till I returned. 他没有等到我回来。

She didn’t sleep until/till I returned. 她直到我回来才睡着。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:时间状语从句的强调句

强调句的句型是:

It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分

It was seven o'clock when we reached the station.(状语从句)

=It was "at" seven o'clock "that" we reached the station.(强调句,定语从句)

强调句和时间状语从句的区别是:时间状语从句可以去掉,不影响句子的完整性。而强调句that/who引导的句子是不能去掉的,否则句子就不完整了,单独的“It was at seven o'clock”是错误的。

时间状语从句和定语从句的区别其实跟上面说的是一样的,强调句型其实就是一种特殊的定语从句。本身最简单的表达法是:We reached the station at seven o'clock.然后为了强调"at seven o'clock",就变成了强调句It was "at seven o'clock" that we reached the staion,同时它也是定语从句:从句“that we reached the staion”修饰的是it=the time.

推荐阅读:

2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:定语从句
2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:非限定性定语从句
2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:限定性定语从句
2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:名词性从句

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