范文为教学中作为模范的文章，也常常用来指写作的模板。常常用于文秘写作的参考，也可以作为演讲材料编写前的参考。那么我们该如何写一篇较为完美的范文呢？接下来小编就给大家介绍一下优秀的范文该怎么写，我们一起来看一看吧。
宁夏5日游导游词篇一
美丽富饶的银川，是黄河河套地区最早开发的一片绿洲，汉代时就在此推行浚渠屯田措施，兴建了汉延渠等水利工程，唐代已具有“塞上江南”的美称，明清以来“天下黄河富宁夏”的民谚已经传遍九州。古老的党项族在这里创造出璀璨夺目的西夏文化;勤劳的回族人民自强不息，展现出绚丽多姿的民俗风情。银川是我国西北边陲的一座重要城市，是宁夏回族自治区首府，也是中国历史文化名城之一，历史悠久灿烂人文底蕴博大精深，这里有说不完的故事，道不尽的美景。今天就让我们走进银川，去感受这座边塞古城的神奇魅力吧!
传说很久以前，长江以南住着凤凰七姐妹，给人们带来幸福。其中最小的七妹来到地薄人穷的宁夏，开渠引水，带来了江南风光。后来为了阻止异族部落的入侵，凤凰七妹就变成了一座城，保护宁夏百姓，这就是后来的银川。如今，“凤凰城”已经成为银川的美称。
银川位于中温带干旱气候区，属中温带大陆性气候。主要特点是：雨雪稀少，蒸发强烈，日照充足，热量适中，风大沙多;冬寒无奇冷，夏热无酷暑，春季短而多变。银川因为地处西北内陆，远离海洋，加上气候干燥，雨水量少，日照又长，因此一年中大部分时间都是晴天。据统计，年日照时间比“日光城”拉萨还多17.5个小时。
银川地区土壤类型较多，植被多样。森林面积达百万亩，其中有一半为人工林，包括用材林、防护林和经果林等。随着植树造林等绿化工程的展开，森林面积和绿化面积呈逐年大幅增长的趋势。1988年，国务院批准贺兰山为国家级森林有野生动物类型自然保护区，山上有天然次生林18.3万亩，有野生动物177种，其中属于国家保护的珍稀动物16种。
银川地处鄂尔多斯西缘凹陷带的的北部，矿产资源丰富。在银川境内贺兰山段贮藏的矿产品主要有煤、赤铁、石灰石、白云石、磷灰石、石英砂岩、辉绿岩、陶瓷粘土等，这位银川市发展冶金、化工、建材等工业提供了有利的条件，尤其是磷矿贮藏量较高。
“银川”一词是明末将此段黄河及其沿岸平原灌区形容为“银色河川”而得名的。这座有着1000多年悠久历史的文化名城，其人文景点一西夏文化为主要特色。西夏王陵风景名胜区是国家重点风景名胜区。贺兰山自然保护区为国家重点自然保护区。西夏王陵、拜四口双塔、海宝塔是全国重点文物保护单位。还有诱人的水乡景色、奇特的塞上风光及多彩的回族风情，使银川成为中国西部最具魅力的城市之一。
游客们，银川城区分为老城、新城和新市区三部分，老城前身为清代的宁夏府城，东距黄河约15公里，自治区政府和市人民政府都设在这里，又为商业区。新城位于火车站东侧，东距老城区7.5公里，是在清乾隆时住的新满城基础上发展起来的。1958年以后又在包兰铁路以西的大片荒漠草原上建起新市区。从前银川市内除了鼓楼、玉皇阁、南门楼等几座古建筑外，大都是低矮的黄泥土坯房。如今，银川市古颜新貌相得益彰，围绕着那些古老的建筑，一幢幢现代化的建筑鳞次栉比。入夜，灯火通明，霓虹闪烁，宽阔的街道流光溢彩。走进银川，你可以该受到一种宁夏所特有的传统与现在交相辉映的美丽，这座荣古都风貌、回族风情和现代韵味于一体的边塞古城正以一种崭新的姿态迎接着五湖四海嘉宾的光临。
今天我的讲解就到此结束了，下面是大家自由参观的时间，希望这次参观能给大家留下一个深刻的印象，预祝大家能玩的开心，谢谢。
宁夏5日游导游词篇二
那里是最接近阳光的地方，空气因而透明;那里是最接近神明的地方，心灵因而宁静;那里是最后的世外桃源，憧憬因而向往
昌都地区位于西藏自治区东部、澜沧江上游，是西藏自治区的东大门，地理位置十分重要。昌都地处三河一江地区(昂曲、扎曲、色曲、澜沧江)，藏语意为“水汇合口处”。
昌都是雪域高原的另一个世界，是锁在横断山脉深处的一片净土，孕育着神秘、孕育着恢弘、预支育着古老而独特的高原文明。这里湛蓝的天空、苍茫的草原、神山圣湖、亘古雪峰，无一不向世人昭示着永恒的魅力。而那独特多姿的康巴风情、博大精深的藏传佛教，也对人们充满了无尽的诱惑。
昌都地处著名的横断山脉，这里山高谷深，金沙江澜沧江、怒江以及它们的60多条支流像条条玉带般盘绕其中。俯瞰昌都，万峰突起，气势磅礴，座座山脉犹如巨龙昂首。遥望远方，群山峥嵘，江河纵横，牛羊成群，真让人仿佛置身于雄伟壮丽的画卷之中。
昌都地区高山峡谷相间排列，特有的地形地貌造就了大面积的森林，林海茫茫，一望无垠，树种多达1500余种，珍稀树种繁多。
广阔的森林和草原为众多野生动物提供了理想的栖息之地。在昌都，野生
动物多达400多种，约占西藏的80%。珍稀动物有滇金丝猴、金钱豹、藏羚、白唇鹿、黑颈鹤、猞猁、盘羊、马熊、锦鸡等。在许多地方，人与动物和谐相处，呈现出一派最美丽的自然画卷。
昌都地形复杂，许多地方从谷底到山顶相差20xx多米。因此自然景色带有明显的垂直分布规律。山下是地毯似的草场，山腰是莽莽的森林，再上是五颜六色的杜鹃花丛，而山顶则是终年不化、重峦起伏的雪山。“一山有四季、十里不同天”是昌都地区的典型气候特征。
昌都不但风光秀美，人文景观也独具魅力。作为康巴文化的腹地，昌都人文景观丰富独特，多彩多姿，极具神秘色彩。茶马古道的沿线囊括了西藏原始宗教到藏传佛教各个教派的寺庙。
昌都在藏语里是水岔口的意思，扎曲、昂曲两条河流在这里交汇，成为澜沧江的源头。美丽的昌都镇就坐落在这山与水之间。
宁夏5日游导游词篇三
各位游客，美丽富饶的银川，是黄河河套地区最早开发的一片绿洲，汉代时就在此推行浚渠屯田措施，兴建了汉延渠等水利工程，唐代已具有“塞上江南”的美称，明清以来“天下黄河富宁夏”的民谚已经传遍九州。古老的党项族在这里创造出璀璨夺目的西夏文化;勤劳的回族人民自强不息，展现出绚丽多姿的民俗风情。银川是我国西北边陲的一座重要城市，是宁夏回族自治区首府，也是中国历史文化名城之一，历史悠久灿烂人文底蕴博大精深，这里有说不完的故事，道不尽的美景。今天就让我们走进银川，去感受这座边塞古城的神奇魅力吧!
游客们，银川市地处黄河冲积而成的河套平原上，东临黄河，地势平坦开阔;西靠贺兰山，与内蒙古阿拉善左旗依山为邻;南抵青铜峡;北连平罗县。全市总面积3499平方公里，市区面积1277平方公里。辖城区、新城区、郊区三个县级区和永宁、贺兰两县。据统计，20xx年末全市总人口约103.91万人。银川是个多民族的地区，聚居这回、汉、满、蒙古、朝鲜等25个民族，也是回族人口居住较集中的城市，回族约有22.31万人。
传说很久以前，长江以南住着凤凰七姐妹，给人们带来幸福。其中最小的七妹来到地薄人穷的宁夏，开渠引水，带来了江南风光。后来为了阻止异族部落的入侵，凤凰七妹就变成了一座城，保护宁夏百姓，这就是后来的银川。如今，“凤凰城”已经成为银川的美称。
银川地势平坦开阔。地形走势自西南向东北逐渐倾斜。“贺兰为屏，黄河绕境，沃野千里，湖泊镶嵌”，是银川地貌格局的特征。银川地形分为山地和平原两大部分。西部是贺兰山地，贺兰山成梯形，自泉齐沟以南逐渐降低，海拔20xx—2500米，主峰敖包疙瘩3556米，是阻挡西北寒冷空气和风沙长驱直入的天然屏障。东部为黄河冲积平原。黄河从银川城东16公里城北偏南30度方向流往石嘴山，过境长度为78.4公里，水面12.47万亩，形成广阔无垠的黄河冲积平原，其间沃野百里，沟渠纵横，草木茂盛，散布着数百个大小湖沼，有著名的“七十二连湖”，自古以来，这里就是主要的农林牧渔生产区。
银川位于中温带干旱气候区，属中温带大陆性气候。主要特点是：雨雪稀少，蒸发强烈，日照充足，热量适中，风大沙多;冬寒无奇冷，夏热无酷暑，春季短而多变。银川因为地处西北内陆，远离海洋，加上气候干燥，雨水量少，日照又长，因此一年中大部分时间都是晴天。据统计，年日照时间比“日光城”拉萨还多17.5个小时。
银川昼夜温差很大，全年平均日温差为13.1度—14.4度，这种大陆性气候的特点，加上得天独厚的自然条件，非常适宜各类农作物的生长，易于瓜果糖分的贮存，瓜果含糖量较中原地区高出15%—20%。据北魏著名地理学家郦道元所著《水经注》记载，早在1520xx年前，银川平原就被称为“果城”。这里盛产桃、李、杏、枣、苹果、葡萄和西瓜。水果个大、味甜、肉嫩，且色彩鲜艳。银川种植稻米已有2100多年的历史。经劳动人民的精心培养和改良，银川的水稻已成为全国著名的品种。主要粮食作物有小麦、荞麦、白豌豆等。蔬菜有宁夏大白菜、辣椒、西红柿、大头葱。此外，蕨菜、沙棘、蜂蜜也小有名气。
银川地区土壤类型较多，植被多样。森林面积达百万亩，其中有一半为人工林，包括用材林、防护林和经果林等。随着植树造林等绿化工程的展开，森林面积和绿化面积呈逐年大幅增长的趋势。1988年，国务院批准贺兰山为国家级森林有野生动物类型自然保护区，山上有天然次生林18.3万亩，有野生动物177种，其中属于国家保护的珍稀动物16种。
银川地处鄂尔多斯西缘凹陷带的的北部，矿产资源丰富。在银川境内贺兰山段贮藏的矿产品主要有煤、赤铁、石灰石、白云石、磷灰石、石英砂岩、辉绿岩、陶瓷粘土等，这位银川市发展冶金、化工、建材等工业提供了有利的条件，尤其是磷矿贮藏量较高。
银川历史悠久，早在20xx多年前的汉武帝时期，这里就是匈奴、鲜卑等游牧民族的栖息之地。随着引黄灌区的开发，银川平原兴起了一些城堡，当时被人们称为饮汗城的城堡，就是银川城的前身。银川设立县城的开始是在南北朝时期北周建德三年(574年)，时称怀远郡。公元1020xx年，党项族首领李德明迁居于此，改为兴州。公元1038年，西夏国在此建都，称兴庆府，历时189年。之后历经王朝更迭，又改称为中兴府、宁夏、宁夏府、宁夏城，直到1945年，才设立银川市。
“银川”一词是明末将此段黄河及其沿岸平原灌区形容为“银色河川”而得名的。这座有着1000多年悠久历史的文化名城，其人文景点一西夏文化为主要特色。西夏王陵风景名胜区是国家重点风景名胜区。贺兰山自然保护区为国家重点自然保护区。西夏王陵、拜四口双塔、海宝塔是全国重点文物保护单位。还有诱人的水乡景色、奇特的塞上风光及多彩的回族风情，使银川成为中国西部最具魅力的城市之一。
游客们，银川城区分为老城、新城和新市区三部分，老城前身为清代的宁夏府城，东距黄河约15公里，自治区政府和市人民政府都设在这里，又为商业区。新城位于火车站东侧，东距老城区7.5公里，是在清乾隆时住的新满城基础上发展起来的。1958年以后又在包兰铁路以西的大片荒漠草原上建起新市区。从前银川市内除了鼓楼、玉皇阁、南门楼等几座古建筑外，大都是低矮的黄泥土坯房。如今，银川市古颜新貌相得益彰，围绕着那些古老的建筑，一幢幢现代化的建筑鳞次栉比。入夜，灯火通明，霓虹闪烁，宽阔的街道流光溢彩。走进银川，你可以该受到一种宁夏所特有的传统与现在交相辉映的美丽，这座荣古都风貌、回族风情和现代韵味于一体的边塞古城正以一种崭新的姿态迎接着五湖四海嘉宾的光临。
宁夏5日游导游词篇四
各位游客：
欢迎大家来到宁夏。提起宁夏，人们就会情不自禁地想起沙坡头。来到沙坡头，你就会沉醉于它浓郁的壮美风韵，留恋于它的迷人景色。下面就让我们走进沙坡头，共同去感受一下它的神奇魅力吧!
游客们，沙坡头旅游区位于宁夏回族自治区中卫县城西20公里，距首府银川市189公里。景区内集大漠、黄河、高山、绿洲为一体，既具江南景色，又有北国风光，景观奇特，驰名中外，是国家4a级旅游区和国家级沙漠生态自然保护区。
游客们，来到沙坡头，仿佛翻阅了一幅厚重的历史画卷。沙坡头，古时称沙陀，元朝名沙山。清乾隆三年(1738年)地震后在黄河北岸形成一个长约20_米，高100余米，坡长200余米的大沙堤，沙坡头因此而得名。沙坡头北面，是烟波浩渺的腾格里大沙漠，脚下是中华民族的母亲河——黄河，黄河南岸的香山山峦叠嶂，险峻挺拔，万里长城蜿蜒山间，若隐若现，构成“大漠孤烟直，长河落日圆”的奇特景观。
游客们，沙坡头是中国四大响沙之一。人坐沙顶，倾侧下滑，沙坡内就会发出“嗡—嗡”的轰鸣声，犹如金钟长鸣，四野共震，故得“沙坡鸣钟”之胜景。从沙坡头下仰望，人乘沙流“飞流直下三千尺”，如从天降。无染尘之忧，有钟鸣之乐，物我两望，其乐无穷。沙坡下有一泉，曰泪泉，泉水清澈，常年不枯，自成小溪，流入黄河。泪泉不远处有鸣钟亭，亭内悬一巨钟，上有“沙坡鸣钟”字样，用杵击之，声闻数里，这悠扬的钟声，也是告诫世人“爱护自然，保护环境”的警钟。沙坡下东南有一园，曲径幽幽，古朴自然，古称蕃王园，今名童家园。园内林木繁茂，果林相间，绿草如茵，迭翠流红，溪流淙淙，鸟语花香。
被誉为“沙海明珠”，“世外桃源”。临河而观，古老的河湾水车，河流车转，轮动水泻，浇田灌园，造福一方，既是蔚为壮观的古老风情，也是华夏儿女聪明才智的真实写照。沙坡向上，有索道缆车，乘缆车上山，省却了许多力气，于空中观望周围景色，另是一番感受。在缆车索道之西，便是横跨黄河的“天下黄河第一索”，乘此滑车，如乳燕凌空，须臾便达彼岸，让你切身体验柯受良飞越黄河惊险、刺激的感觉。出黄河南岸索道站，林木扶疏，有建筑掩映其间，左是青少年活动营地，右为民俗村，由此蜿蜒而上，至望狮亭西望，500米开外处，临河有两座山头，似一对雄狮赫然入目，雌雄相依，默然厮守，雄视黄河，岿然而踞。奔腾的黄河穿峡越谷，经黑山峡入宁夏中卫境内，由黑山峡至沙坡头50余公里的水域，两岸山崖陡峭，谷中滩险流急，礁岩出没，河道时曲时直，水流时缓时急是黄河漂流的最佳水段，被誉为黄河“小三峡”。
羊皮筏子是黄河上独有的漂流工具，随波逐流，独领风骚。羊皮筏由有经验的筏工驾驶，轻车熟路，虽险象环生，却也有惊无险。黄河沿岸有许多绮丽多姿的自然景观和美妙的民间传说，过了“洋人招手”，顷刻进入险滩，水中礁石如“老两口”，“三兄弟”，水道湍急，恶浪翻滚，惊心动魄。顺流而下，依次可见“七姊妹”、“一窝猪”、“古长城”、“双狮山”、“成吉思汗古渡”等景观。真是：两岸猿声啼不住，轻舟已过万重山。漂流至沙坡头，黄河在此转便掉头向东。这里水面宽阔，水流平缓，水面皮筏漂流，快艇冲浪，河中一堤将河水分出南北两岸，创造出了自然灌溉的奇迹!这一古老的引水工程，为中卫古八景之一的“白马拉缰”，被称为宁夏的“都江堰”。傍晚，在此可观望“长河落日圆”的壮丽景色。这里是“天下黄河富宁夏”的开端，也是宁夏平原的起源。沙坡头是古丝绸之路北道，现欧亚大陆桥必经的咽喉之地。在迎水桥镇至甘塘镇55公里的铁路线两旁由科技人员、铁路工人和当地群众奋战半个世纪营造的防沙，治沙绿化工程，如同绿色的长城，有效地遏制住了肆虐的沙魔。保证了西北交通大动脉——包兰铁路畅通无阻。治沙成果让世界为之震惊，称之为“人类治沙史上的奇迹”，被联合国授于“全球环保500佳”单位。
游客们，进入腾格里大沙漠景区大门，登上右侧观景台，可观看中卫八景之一的“铁龙穿沙”。绿色巨龙拱卫中的千里铁道线，自东向西蜿蜒而去。一列列火车，呼啸而过，宛如铁龙在金灿灿的沙海中击风搏浪，勇往直前。壮观的场景，使游人莫不为“黄龙缚青龙腾铁龙呼啸穿大漠，桂城没碧城兴海市翩然化宏图”的美景而自豪。左侧的观景台和了望亭是观看“大漠孤烟，长河落日”和了望古长城，烽火台的最佳位置。4.3万平方公里的腾格里沙漠，沙海莽莽，金涛翻滚，汹涌而来，至此却戛然而止，伏首在黄河之滨的香山脚下。昔日边塞长城的残垣越过黄河、草原、荒漠、蜿蜒直抵黄河北岸，汇成一组大自然瑰丽的画卷。走进大漠有车道、步行道，还有驼道、游客可自由选择。在此处，景区备有大漠驼队，骑骆驼沙漠探险是游人的最佳选择。骑着“沙漠之舟”，沿着古丝绸之路驼道、盐道和商道慢行，耳听阵阵驼铃，纵观海潮沙景，悠然自得，惬意无比，回味无穿。
游客们，沙漠草原，羊肥马壮;少数民族，风情万千。沙漠湖泊，清明如镜，鱼儿畅游水底，飞鸟掠过水面，岸边风吹草动，沙丘环抱，充满诗情画意。偶遇海市蜃楼，更让人觉得大漠真的神秘莫测，真假难分显悲壮与荒凉。
游客们，沙坡头的概况就向大家介绍到这里，但愿沙坡头这块充满诗情画意的地方能给您的旅行增加更多的乐趣。
宁夏5日游导游词篇五
滚钟口，古为贺兰山胜境之一，是西夏王陵风景名胜区的一个重要景区，其拥有的花岗岩风蚀地貌景群。这里还有伊斯兰教、佛教、道教三教合一的建筑，反映了当地宗教派别和睦相处的氛围。被联合国人居环境发展促进会等组织联合评为“中国最具民族特色旅游目的地”。滚钟口的历史典故、传说和大型建筑遗址之谜更让滚钟口添加了一份神秘的色彩。被联合国人居环境发展促进会等组织联合评为“中国最具民族特色旅游目的地”。
据史料载：明清时期，每年六月，城镇村堡的善男信女多进香山寺，轮骑络绎不绝，名曰“朝山”，亦借以游览涤暑。景区南侧山旁的“清真寺”，有阿拉伯也门的马克伦丁·本·欧斯曼长老“拱北”墓，他曾在16世纪末远涉重洋来到中国，在银川等地传教30多年。每逢回族的传统节日，远近穆斯林纷纷前来念经朝拜，以示纪念。
如逢朝晖夕映时，又可观赏到“贺兰佛光”之景，堪与“峨眉宝光”争妍。六月暑日，在景区西边沟尽头的青羊溜山巅上，蓝天晴空，白雪盖顶，这就是古宁夏八景之首的“贺兰晴雪”。在景区北部一条宽窄变异、蜿蜒曲折的深沟内，多有寺庙遗址，故称“大寺沟”。沟内树木苍翠，泉水清澈，怪石林立，“狮吼”、“卧虎”、“顽猴”、“仙人指路”、“青羊跳涧”等奇石，神态各异，令人叹为观止。顺沟向西而下，有巨石立于沟间，上刻“西爽亭”三个大字，这里山势开阔，泉水叮咚，绿草如茵，是最舒坦幽静的休息之地。
滚钟口山美、树美、水美。正如明代诗人王逊的诗所赞：
贺兰西望矗长空，天界华夷势更雄。
岩际云开青益显，峰头寒重白难融。
清光绚玉冲虚白，秀色拖岚映夕红。
胜概朔方真第一，徘徊把酒兴无穷。
宁夏5日游导游词篇六
ningxia hui autonomous region is located in the middle and upper reaches ofthe yellow river in northwest china, between 35 ° 14 '- 39 ° 23' n and 104 ° 17'- 107 ° 39' e. it is adjacent to shaanxi province in the east, inner mongoliaautonomous region in the west and north, and gansu province in the south, with atotal area of 66400 square kilometers. the terrain is long and narrow from northto south, high in the south and low in the north. from north to south, there arehelan mountain, ningxia plain and liupan mountain. ningxia is 456 km from northto south and 250 km from east to west. ningxia is located in the transition zonebetween the loess plateau and inner mongolia plateau. in terms ofgeomorphological types, the loess landform eroded by flowing water is dominantin the south, and the arid denudation and wind erosion landform is dominant inthe middle and north. there are relatively high mountains and widely distributedhills, alluvial plain formed by fault subsidence and alluvial of the yellowriver, platform and sand dunes. the surface morphology is complex and ing to the statistical data in early 20__, hilly area accounts for 38%,plain area 26.8%, mountain area 15.8%, platform 17.6% and desert 1.8%. theaverage altitude is 1090-20__m. helan mountain is the natural barrier of ningxiaplain. the main peak, aobao geda, is 3556 meters above sea level. the yellowriver passes through 12 cities and counties in the middle and north, with a flowof 397 km.
ningxia is located in the inland, belongs to temperate continentalsemi-arid climate. it straddles the east monsoon region and the northwest aridregion, and the southwest is close to the qinghai tibet alpine region, which isroughly located in the intersection and transition zone of the three naturalregions in china. the annual average temperature is 5 ℃～ 9 ℃, and thetemperature difference between day and night is large. the annual precipitationis generally 200-600 mm. with 3000 hours of sunshine and 170 days of frost freeperiod, it is one of the areas with the most abundant sunshine and solarradiation in china.
ningxia is one of the birthplaces of ancient chinese civilization. the latepaleolithic human activity site and unearthed cultural relics in shuidonggou,lingwu county, ningxia province show that human beings have been living andreproducing here as early as 30000 years ago.
during the spring and autumn period and the warring states period, theworld-famous great wall began to be built in the territory. after the firstemperor of qin unified china, he sent troops to settle down in ningxia and beganthe history of spanerting water from the yellow river for irrigation. by the handynasty (206-220 bc), the farming economy here had been quite prosperous. in the14th year of tianbao in the tang dynasty (755), the "an shi rebellion" brokeout. prince li heng entered ningxia and became emperor in lingwu. at that time,ningxia had become one of the important channels of east-west transportation andtrade in china. in the first year of baoyuan (1038) of northern song dynasty, liyuanhao, the leader of dangxiang nationality, established daxia state withningxia as the center, which was called xixia in history, and its capital wasxingqing prefecture (now yinchuan city). after mongolia exterminated xixia,ningxia fu road was set up in the 24th year of the yuan dynasty (1287). ningxiawei was set up in ming dynasty. ningxia government was set up in qing the early years of the republic of china, ningxia government was changed toshuofangdao, and ningxia province was established in 1929. after the founding ofthe people's republic of china in 1949, ningxia province was abolished in a hui autonomous region was established on october 25, 1958.
ningxia is rich in mineral resources with prominent advantages inagriculture, energy and tourism. there are 1.288 million hectares of cultivatedland in the region. among them, more than 333000 hectares are irrigated. thereare more than 660000 hectares of wasteland suitable for agriculture to bedeveloped, including 133000 hectares of wasteland for aquaculture, 56000hectares of wastewater and 3 million hectares of grassland. more than 50 kindsof mineral resources have been discovered, and the per capita potential value ofnatural resources is 163.5% of the national average value, ranking fifth in thecountry. in particular, non-metallic mineral resources are rich, mainly coal,gypsum, oil, natural gas and so on. gypsum reserves rank first in china. nearlyone third of the land in the region is rich in coal resources, with provenreserves of more than 30 billion tons, ranking fifth in the country. the provenreserves of lingwu coalfield alone reach more than 27 billion tons, equivalentto the total proven reserves in northeast china. among the top ten coal types inchina, there are nine in ningxia. taixi coal, the world famous high qualityanthracite, has an annual export volume of 1 million tons. the shaanxi gansuningxia basin natural gas field across ningxia has proved reserves of more than200 billion cubic meters. it is a world-class large gas field.
the autonomous region has five prefecture level cities of yinchuan,shizuishan, wuzhong, guyuan and zhongwei, six municipal districts of xingqing,jinfeng, xixia, dawukou, huinong and yuanzhou, two county-level cities of lingwuand qingtongxia, 11 counties of yongning, helan, pingluo, tongxin, yanchi,zhongning, haiyuan, jingyuan, xiji, longde and pengyang, and hongsibaodevelopment zone (county-level immigration development zone), with yinchuan asits capital.
ningxia has 35 ethnic groups, including hui and han, with a totalpopulation of 6.0373 million at the end of 20__, including 3.7742 million hanand 2.0649 million hui. ningxia is the largest hui inhabited area in china. huipeople believe in islam.
the hui nationality in china was formed in the yuan dynasty. the origin ofthe hui nationality can be traced back to the middle of the seventh century,when arab and persian merchants came to china to do business and stay. in theyuan dynasty, a large number of central asian, persian and arab came to to intermarriage and socio-economic relations, they formed hui nationalityin the process of long-term relationship with han, uygur, mongolian and othernationalities. as early as the song dynasty, there were persians who believed inislam and settled down in ningxia. in the yuan dynasty, a large number of arabmuslims from central asia, together with the mongols, moved to ningxia tocultivate and defend the frontier. at the end of yuan dynasty and the beginningof ming dynasty, the hui nationality gradually formed, and ningxia huinationality entered a relatively stable development period.
hui people's living in ningxia can be traced back to the end of tangdynasty. in the northern song dynasty and xixia period, most of the muslims fromthe east came to the central plains from yumen and jiuquan via xixia. by theyuan dynasty, a large number of arabs, persians and central asians wererecruited or migrated to live in the form of semi military and semi nomadic. inthe early ming dynasty, a large number of hui people were placed in lingzhou(now lingwu city) and guyuan counties as "attached to tuda". in addition, thehui people who constantly migrated to ningxia for development and reclamationformed many hui settlements. during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qingdynasty, the population of hui nationality in ningxia increased the tongzhi period (1862-1874), the anti qing uprising of the northwesthui people was brutally suppressed, and the volunteers and their families weremoved to remote areas. some of them migrated to lingzhou, huaping (now jingyuancounty of ningxia), longde, haiyuan and other counties.
as the main ethnic group in ningxia hui people believe in islam. in ningxiahui inhabited areas, there are more than 3000 mosques with differentarchitectural forms and scales, and about 4000 imams. the muslim people of huinationality generally believe in five "lessons", namely: recitation, ceremony,fasting, lesson and pilgrimage. there are three traditional festivals of the huipeople: eid al fitr, guerbang (also known as eid al adha) and shengji autonomous region, cities and counties have established religious socialorganizations at all levels, namely islamic associations, to manage their ownreligious life. the autonomous region has set up ningxia islamic school inyinchuan city and tongxin arabic school in tongxin county, helping the muslimpeople to cultivate a large number of talents with religious knowledge. inaddition to islam, there are mass beliefs, buddhism, catholicism, christianityand taoism in ningxia. the people's government of the autonomous region treatsall kinds of religions equally, protects the normal religious activities of themasses, and all kinds of religious people live in harmony for a long time inningxia.
ningxia hui people have formed unique customs in clothing, diet, dailyhygiene, marriage, funeral and so on. hui men like to wear small white caps andblack waistcoats. hui women also like to wear headsets, gold and silverearrings, rings and bracelets. hui people pay special attention to hygiene,clean and tidy indoor and outdoor, clean stove. usually wash hands and face withsoup bottle, bath with hanging pot.
hui people like to eat the meat of cattle, sheep, camels and otherruminants, but also eat chicken, duck, goose and fish. they don't eat pork,animal blood and dead livestock. animals eaten by devout believers must beslaughtered by imams. hui people generally don't smoke or drink. men, women andchildren all like to drink "babao" cup tea with nutritional condiments such asrock sugar, tea, medlar, walnut kernel, sesame, longan, jujube and preservedfruit. during the festive festival, the hui people mostly make fried food suchas fragrant oil, sanzi and yaguo. when there are distinguished guests, they willbe warmly received by the rich "quanyang banquet" and various hui snacks. inmarriage, monogamy is practiced. the wedding ceremony of hui nationality is verygrand and has many religious and ethnic characteristics. for example, when awedding is held, the imam should be asked to read "nikaha", that is, to testifyand congratulate with arabic scriptures. the funeral of the hui nationality issimple and easy, with the practice of earth burial and thin burial. the funeralincludes four procedures: cleaning the burial body, wrapping the body with whitecloth, holding religious prayer ceremony under the direction of imam, andentering the burial.
mosque, also known as the mosque. arabic is "mesgid", which means the placeto kowtow. it is not only a place for islamic believers to worship, but also acenter of culture and education and a center of social activities in someplaces. the establishment of mosques in ningxia started from yuan dynasty, andthe number and scale of mosques have developed considerably in ming and qingdynasties. gongbei is the mausoleum of an outstanding figure in a certain regionof islam. daotang is a place where religious leaders of a certain branch ofislam worship, chant scriptures, give lectures and live. islamic architecture inningxia reflects the process of combining islamic culture with chinesetraditional culture, and has distinctive local cultural characteristics andnational personality.
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