在日常的学习、工作、生活中，肯定对各类范文都很熟悉吧。大家想知道怎么样才能写一篇比较优质的范文吗？接下来小编就给大家介绍一下优秀的范文该怎么写，我们一起来看一看吧。
新职业英语教程篇一
电脑的日常基本维护
随着使用时间的增加，电脑可能会出现问题。每2—4周花上10—30分钟时间做一些简单的维护能保持你的电脑顺畅运行。按本文介绍的方法去做，以及一些可从网上下载的软件的帮助，你的电脑会有显著的改善。这是所有的电脑使用者都应该掌握的基本方法。
删除你忘记的或不再使用的程序
时间一久，你曾装过的一些工具或游戏可能再也不会被使用，有时你也可能发现已经遗忘的工具条或者其他项目。为什么要浪费这些空间呢？在你的控制面板中找到“添加/删除程序”，然后删除掉那些你不用的东西。从网上下载一些软件可以帮你完成程序删除。
清除你的硬盘上不需要的文件
硬盘占用是电脑使用的最大问题之一。当你的电脑运行时，它会用到很多硬盘上的文件，但是用完之后却不一定会进行清理。正因为这样，你需要经常性地清理一下硬盘。
删除无效的注册表条目
时间长了注册表可能会变得很庞大，并且包含很多无效的信息。如果你不完全肯定应该做什么，对注册表的盲目操作可能会损坏电脑。因此如果你对它不是了如指掌，还是用相关的软件来清除掉那些陈旧、无效的条目吧。
删除不需要的启动项
你是否注意过你屏幕右下角的那些小图标？它们是你电脑在启动过程中载入的一些程序，而且仅仅是一部分。如果你很纳闷为什么你的电脑在启动后要等上很久才能操作，那就是因为在windows启动后再这些程序都在载入。即使它们没有被使用，它们也一样会占用内存。删除它们需要一些额外的知识和研究，但是你能做到！
整理磁盘碎片
既然你已经清理掉了那些垃圾，你的硬盘上将遍布碎片文件。在一个有大量磁盘碎片的硬盘上读写数据的速度会降低，因为磁头在磁盘表面的碎片文件之间移动需要花去大量的时间。现在你磁盘上的文件可能看起来就像是你打开了一盒钉子，然后把它们随意扔在地上那么乱。而磁盘碎片整理让你的硬盘像是一盒封装好的钉子，干净整洁，而且易于取用。
扫描/删除恶意软件
恶意软件很像病毒，可能在你毫无察觉的情况下破坏你的电脑系统。所以你应不时使用一个恶意软件扫描软件。再次建议要从可靠的网站下载并且尽量使用知名的软件。
新职业英语教程篇二
unit 3 business meals reading a
deals over meals
(1-2 periods)g-up
task complete the following table seating is retiring on , chairman of your company, asks you to arrange the table seats for henry’s farewell are some principles for arranging seats at a dinner table and the information about the ive: ss can apply the principles of table seating arrangement to different :
• ss read warming-up task.• go through the principles of seating arrangement with ss.• get ss to match the guest names to seats a-e.• ask ss to compare their work with others.• get some ss to give their answers and explain them to the class • comment briefly on their work and give the suggested ples of seating arrangement: people who have common interests male and female guests of honor in most important person should be seated at the right hand of the reading of the new words and expressions objective: ss can get familiar with the new words and expressions, etc..steps: • ss read the new words and expressions after the teacher, trying to simulate the teacher’s pronunciation and intonation.• ss read the new words and expressions in class inspanidually for 5 ation of language points paragraph 1 entertain: invite people to your home for a meal or party or take your company’s customers to have a meal, drinks, etc.;to do something that amuses or interests people
e.g.i’ll entertain my friends over the child was entertaining himself with his up: to build;to increase, or become bigger or stronger gradually y have built up a good reputatio noise built up until she couldn’t stand it any : riate for official or serious situations or occasions e.g.i only wear this suit for formal boss is very formal;she doesn’t call anyone by their first aph 2
imply: make something understood without expressing it directly e.g.i do not imply that you are y: ing very important and needing to be dealt with immediately
ll, take it easy!it isn’t a matter of y: state of being with someone
’s husband is away for the week, so i think i’d better go over and keep her aph 3
turn out: to have a particular result;to happen in a particular way man we met turned out to be maria’s second ’t worry.i’m sure it will all turn out : bring a good result or advantage for someone usually pays to tell the on one’s best behavior: to behave as well and politely as you can, especially in order to please someone
e.g.i want you to be on your best behavior at granddad’dgeable: a.(of a person)knowing a lot is very knowledgeable about someone through(something): to help someone continue doing something，especially something difficult or unpleasant, until it is finished overcoat has seen me through many severe saw me through all the hard igent: a high level of mental ability;good at understanding ideas and thinking quickly and clearly teachers regard jimmy as an intelligent igently: an intelligent way
have to speak intelligently at this important business aph 4
come in handy: to be useful
e.g.i’ll put these bottles in the cupboard — they might come in handy t: behave in a particular way, especially in a situation where people judge you by the way you behave;to carry out
figures have a duty to conduct themselves company conducted a survey to find out what their customers think about the new trate(on): think very carefully about something that you are doing was concentrating on her book and didn’t know what had aph 5
sought-after: by a lot of people
s are the most sought-after people in the area.ses • ss do task 1 and task 2 inspanidually.• check the ments the new words and -reading of reading 3 business meals reading b and writing
(3-4 periods)ound information differences between chinese table manners and the western table icks chopsticks are used to eat most kinds of chinese your chopsticks towards their end, not in the middle or the front when dining with you are not using your chopsticks, or have finished eating, lay them down in front of you with the tips to
as soon as the hostess picks up her napkin, pick yours up and lay it on your soup course
dinner usually begins with largest spoon at your place is the soup will be beside your plate at the right-hand fish course
if there is a fish course, it will probably follow the re may be a special fork for the fish, or it may be similar to the meat it is meat course
the main course is usually served by the host himself, especially if it is a fowl(鸡禽)or a roast which needs to be will often ask each guest what piece he prefers, and it is quite proper to state your preference as to lean or fat, dark(红肉)or light(白肉). knife and fork
the english keep the fork in the left hand, point curved downward, and bring the food to the mouth either by sticking the points onto it or in the case of soft vegetables, by placing it firmly on the fork in this position with the ans carve the meat in the same position, then lay down the knife and taking the fork in the right hand with the point turned up, push it under a small piece of food without the help of the knife and bring it to the mouth g yourself and refusing
if a servant passes food around, he will pass the dish at your left hand so that you can conveniently serve yourself with your right serve yourself while the dish is on your right;it is then the turn of your neighbor on the is polite to take some of everything that is passed to if there is something you may not like, you may quietly say: “no, thank you.” things on the table
when there are things on the middle of the table, such as bread, butter, jelly, pickles, nits, candies, you should not take any until the hostess has suggested that they be g the table
it is impolite for a guest to leave the table during a meal, or before the hostess gives the signal at the the hostess indicates that the dinner is over, she will start to rise from her seat and all the guests rise from theirs at the same ses
• ss do task 1 and task 2 on page 39 in pairs.• check the g: invitation 邀请信是邀请亲朋好友或知名人士、专家等参加某项活动时所发出的请约性书信。在国际交往以及日常的各种社交活动中，这类书信使用广泛。英文邀请信可分为两种。一种为正规的格式(formal correspondence)，亦称请柬(invitation card)，这是一种正规的邀请信，格式严谨而固定，一般适用于较庄重严肃的场合。另一种是非正式格式(informal correspondence), 即一般的邀请信，适用于一些平常的事情的邀请，通常邀请人同被邀请人之间比较熟悉，这种邀请信具有简短、热情的特点。
（一）邀请信的写法 1.活动名称及目的
写明邀请对方参加什么活动，以及邀请的原因和目的等。2.活动细节及注意事项
写明活动安排的细节及需要告诉对方的注意事项。诸如时间、地点、参加人员、人数，需要做些什么样的准备以及需要穿什么服饰。要求穿礼服时，须在请柬的右下角注明dress：formal；较随意时可用dress：informal。3.回函要求 希望被邀请人收到请柬后对是否接受邀请给予答复的，请柬下方要用r.s.v.p.或rsvp.（原为法语，意味：请赐复）字样。右下方是主人的电话号码。请柬全文用第三人称。如果主人和客人的姓名都写在请柬的正文里，称呼和结束语可省去。否则，需在结尾加上结束语。4.请柬通常有一定的格式：
首先是主人的姓名（要用全称）或头衔；
第二部分是request(s)the pleasure／honor of，相当于汉语中的“恭请” 第三部分客人的姓名（要用全称）（加’s）或用your（泛指）； 第四部分是company／presence at...,相当于汉语中的“光临…” 第五部分是日期； 第六部分是钟点； 第七部分是地点。ments the new words and -reading of listening and 3 business meals listening and speaking
(5-6 periods)ing ss a few minutes to read through the printed materials for each listening to the material for the first time without looking at the to the material for a second time, and ask ss to do the exercises from task 1 to task 5 in the r gives the correct answers and explains the key points for some difficult to the material for the third time with a pause after each sentence, and ask ss to repeat the sentence during the ng ask ss to work in pairs to practice asking and giving advice with the help of the useful expressions below: starting i’m thinking of eating out you know a good chinese restaurant? can you recommend a good chinese restaurant? continuing do you have any other ideas? can you recommend anything else? do you know any other places? ending that’s a good idea.i think i’ll try ments do task1, 2, 3,and 4 in language 3 business meals mini-project and language lab
(7-8 periods)-project objective: ss search online for the rules of table setting for a western dinner and give illustration in :
• the class into are several ways: ss pick up their own partners;teachers group fast learners with slow learners;ss find their partners by drawing lots.• defining the through the project with the class and clarify are advised to do it after ss study reading n that those tableware pictures on ss’ books are to make the task can simply draw a picture to
illustrate the rules.• timing & ss the deadline for completion and guidelines on working them that different ss have different work but everybody contributes to the discuss first and then decide who will do what.• present their evidence for this project, they can use either real tableware or a picture to explain table setting rules orally in them to do it after they study the whole ge lab do task 1 to task 4 in this section the answers and give explanations if r revision 被动语态的用法：
1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。the bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。he was elected chairman.他被选为主席。
2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。the room hasn't been cleaned yet.房间还没有打扫。
the tiger was killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。
3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如： the window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。
the whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。
4、表示客观的说明常用“it is + 过去分词”句型。it is said that lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。
it is believed that he is a spy.(=he is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。
其它常见的“it is +过去分词+ that”句型还有 it is reported that… 据报道
it is said that… 据说
it is believed that… 大家相信
ments task 5 in language lab on page -reading of unit 4 product reading a
industrial design
(1-2 periods)g-up
task 1: ask ss to choose one product from each pair and explain why to their ive: ss can identify the differences between two products and explain their : • ss read warming-up task 1.• go through the sample with ss.• get ss to do the task in pairs, student asks questions and the other answers.• ask some pairs to role-play their dialogs in front of the class, giving comments when 2: ask ss to discuss the following ive: ss know what factors to consider before they buy a :
• ss read warming-up task 2.• ask ss to work in pairs to work out the answers to the questions.• get some ss to give their answers.• ask the class for different ideas.• comment reading of the new words and expressions objective: ss can get familiar with the new words and expressions, etc..steps: • ss read the new words and expressions after the teacher, trying to simulate the teacher’s pronunciation and intonation.• ss read the new words and expressions in class inspanidually for 5 ation of language points paragraph 1
target: aim;objective
e.g.i’ve set myself a target of saving $200 a make something have an effect on a particular limited group or area advertisement was designed to target a mass : find the exact position of something
couldn’t locate the source of the radio aph 2
mass-produce: produce in large numbers using machinery
-produced furniture is cheaper than furniture made by : n.1)imagination
you ever had visions of great success? 2)idea
had the same vision of him as i had.3)sight
my new glasses my vision is perfect!
paragraph 3
a chunk of: a large piece of something that does not have an even shape;a large part or amount of something e.g.a chunk of cheese
a huge chunk of the audience got up and left before the -new: and not yet used
bought a brand-new car for her brother as the wedding aph 4
a pain in the neck: a person or thing that is very annoying
’s wrong with dave? he’s becoming a total pain in the e: increase or further improve the good quality, value or status of
something
is an opportunity to enhance the good reputation of the gh: be more important or valuable than something else advantages of the plan far outweigh the : away from places where other people live;far away in time farmhouse is remote from any other database/remote access/remote control ses • ss do task 1 and task 2 inspanidually.• check the ments the new words and -reading of reading 4 product reading b and writing
(3-4 periods)ound information manual is a book most commonly containing instructions for operating electronic goods, computer software and language is written to match up with the common end-users with technical terms kept to a ation of language points leg was crushed in the h not to scratch those mosquito curtains don’t match the n vt./n a long article
the days are shortening concerned with is concerned with that on n. machine doesn’t function sofa can also function as a ses • ss do task 1 and task 2 in pairs.• check the g: catalog uce in detail the function and typical items of ctions: product catalogs offer customers direct and indirect information about the products, such as the description of the products, the main features or the benefits of the products, the prices, different models, sizes, colors, and so ss to finish task 1 with the help of the ss to finish task 2 in some ss to present their ments the new words and -reading of listening and 4 product listening and speaking
(5-6 periods)ing ss a few minutes to read through the printed materials for each listening to the material for the first time without looking at the to the material for a second time, and ask ss to do the exercises from task 1 to task 5 in the r gives the correct answers and explains the key points for some difficult to the material for the third time with a pause after each sentence, and ask ss to repeat the sentence during the ng ss to work in pairs to practice describing any three products at hand, including their size, color, material, shape and some students to perform the dialogue they have t briefly on their ments do task1, 2, 3,and 4 in language 4 product mini-project and language lab
(7-8 periods)-project objective: ss can know how to demonstrate how to use a :
• the class into groups.• defining the through the project with the class and clarify are advised to do it after ss study reading b.• timing & ss the deadline for completion and guidelines on working them that different ss have different work but everybody contributes to the ing an appropriate product is very important in this group members should have their views out.• present their evidence for this project, they need to show the real product or a give demonstration in ss to do it after they study the whole ge lab do task 1 to task 4 in this section the answers and give explanations if r revision 主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则支配：语法一致原则(grammatical concord)意义一致原则(notional concord)就近原则(principle of proximity)。1．并列结构作主语时谓语用复数
注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词，共用一个冠词用单数。
2．主谓一致中的就近原则 在由not only…but also…，not just…but…，or, either…or…，neither…nor…连接主语的句子中及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数按就近原则处理，即按与谓语动词最靠近的那个主语来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。not only john but also i am going to shanghai next you or she is to is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.3．谓语动词与前面的主语一致
当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。4．谓语需用单数
1）代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every,谓语需用单数。each of us has a tape-recorder.2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。the arabian night is a book known to lovers of english.《一千零一夜》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。
3）表示金钱，时间.距离.价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。4）四则运算时，谓语动词用单数。5．指代意义决定谓语的单复数
集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定.如family, team，group，club, public, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。但集合名词people,police,cattle,poultry(家禽）.militia(民兵）.vermin(害虫）等在任何情况下都用复数形式。
6．谓语动词与后接名词或代词保持一致
用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致。
most of his money is spent on of the students are taking an active part in sports.7．the+形容词/国籍形容词。表示一类人/一国人，作主语，谓语动词用复数。
8．the+姓氏的复数，表示一家人或两夫妇，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。ments task 5 in language lab on page -reading of unit 5.
新职业英语教程篇三
unit 1 reading a谷 歌
上过互联网的人都见过谷歌，许多人要在互联网上查找某方面的信息时，他们都会去“谷歌”一下。作为全世界最有名的互联网搜索引擎，谷歌是网络业界功成名就的最好范例之一。
谷歌始于1996年1月斯坦福大学博士生拉里•佩奇的一个研究项目。为了找到一种能帮助网络用户搜索到相关网页的更好方法，佩奇设想可以通过检索网页之间的关系来实现。他认为其他网页链接最多的那些网页一定是最受欢迎的，这项技术结果看起来是成功的。
佩奇和他的合作伙伴谢尔盖•布林于1998年9月7日创建了自己的公司，这一网址。这个搜索引擎很快声名鹊起，2000年谷歌开始在自己的网站出售广告。在投资者的热情资助下，经过几年的发展，谷歌上市了，谷歌的很多雇员一夜之间成了百万富翁。
，而且每天都在不断增加一些新功能，如工具栏、邮件和广告。当然，成长与成功也带来了竞争。微软最近就试图收购雅虎以便能在互联网搜索引擎领域与谷歌抗衡。
随着公司的壮大与知名度的提高，谷歌在美国公司就业吸引力的排名也上升到第一。他们尝试打破传统的办公室设计，努力把办公室变成员工感觉舒适、并能充分发挥自己才华的地方。
现在，谷歌已拥有youtube、blogger和其他一些热门网站，并且成为网络广告收入方面的领头羊。当初两个学生的一个小点子已发展成为一家拥有十亿美元资产的大公司，谷歌也成为全球最著名的商标之一。谷歌的发展史为当今的网络企业家树立了一个完美的典范，也提供了灵感。
unit 2 reading a秘书
秘书可能会有很多其他不同的头衔，例如行政助理、文员或私人助理。尽管所有这些头衔都以行政工作为主旨，但它们却反映了不同种类的秘书工作。秘书岗位十分古老，例如，古希腊和罗马的商人和政客们就曾雇用私人秘书和文员来管理他们的事务。
秘书的工作就是使办公室顺利运转。秘书的职责范围很广，依据他们所在办公室的不同而各异。就最低要求来说，秘书要处理信函，跟踪日程安排，管理文件系统，操作电话、传真机、复印机等办公设备。许多秘书还要接听电话，并将其转给适当的人员。有些秘书还要负责办公室用品的采购，他们也可能会处理预算、簿记和人事文档。秘书应当具备使用电脑和其他电子设备的经验，因为他们将处理大量的电子资料，包括往来信函。
好的秘书工作效率极高，且有条不紊。除了具备文书技能之外，他们还善于管理时间和人员。尽管他们的薪水和受尊敬的程度也许不如其他更高级别的人员，但在办公室中他们往往起着十分重要的作用。他们能预估办公室人员的需求，迅速解决问题。他们工作效率非常高，以至于许多人直到他们离开之后才意识到他们的价值所在。好的秘书还善于人际沟通。他们也非常值得信赖，可以委托他们处理机密文件，与高层管理人士打交道并应付在繁忙的办公室里经常会出现的混乱情况。
秘书行业的就业前景通常很好，对有经验者尤其如此。许多职业学校为有意当秘书的人们提供了培训课程。这些课程包括打字、文件管理、文件归档，以及一个好的秘书在工作中所必须具备的其他技能。虽然没有这些培训要获得秘书职位也是有可能的，但这在一个越来越专业化的社会里可能非常具有挑战性。
unit 3 reading a饭桌生意经
作为商务宴请的一种形式，商务聚餐被越来越多地用于增进彼此间的信任和信心。从匆忙的早餐到“工作午餐”，从鸡尾酒会到正式的晚餐，西方人大量的商务活动都是在饭桌上进行的。
早餐会晤很少超过一个小时，带有一定的“紧迫”意味，在商务旅行中很方便安排。要加深对客人的了解，午餐则是最好的形式。当然，午餐中并不是非谈生意不可。花上45分钟或者一小时喝喝下午茶或咖啡，可以轻轻松松地谈生意。晚餐则比较正式，通常不宜谈生意，这是个彼此了解并享受相互之间交往的时刻。
商务聚餐背负着重重任务，常有可能演变为噩梦连连。如果想给人留下持久的印象，在任何此类应酬中都拿出最佳表现是非常有利的。当然，你得熟知所从事的领域，还得举止优雅，才能顺利应付这些场合。在典型的商务应酬中，你必须认真倾听，机敏问答，并满怀自信地谈论你的公司，同时表现得轻松自若、心情愉悦。
掌握良好的进餐礼仪非常管用，它能让你充满信心，相信自己可以做到举止得当。毕竟，你是要跟客人交流，而不是专注于用哪只餐叉。正确选择你面前的一堆银餐具并不像一开始看起来那么困难。一定要先取用离你餐盘最远的刀叉和汤匙，然后逐渐地向内取用。要记住一条简单的规则：液体放在右边，固体放在左边。
礼貌进餐是西方人认为重要的行为准则之一。通过掌握这些技巧，你会更好地代表公司的形象，会成为一位令人愉悦的东道主，一位更受人欢迎的宾客。
unit 4 reading a工业设计
我想设计一只闹钟，它带有一个移动式闹铃开关，闹铃第一次响时开关触手可及，但之后闹钟一次比一次难触碰到，于是闹钟闹个不停，直到我完全醒来。
作为工业设计师，我们的工作就是设计产品——所有批量生产的各种各样的产品，从法拉利汽车到烤面包炉，从家具到电视机。我们通过画图、素描、甚至涂鸦来构思产品，将生产厂商想象的某种产品的样子呈现给他们。
我们的职业目标之一是使产品具有吸引力。一位工业设计师草图本里的内容常常看上去就像平面化的科学狂人的实验室，满是各种各样产品的涂鸦。我们工业设计师们也用双手来进行创意，用粘土、造型泡沫这些工作室里的材料来展现产品的手感。米开朗基罗在大理石堆中“发现”了他的雕塑作品；工业设计师们在粘土堆、泡沫堆，或者偶尔在电脑软件的帮助下找到了最新款随身听的形状。不管用哪种工作材料，设计师们每次都会花上好几个小时去造型，去触摸，去把握，一遍又一遍地雕琢那些线条，不久，这些东西就会成为真正可以使用的产品，被千万个消费者触摸、把玩。当你抚摸着刚从盒子里取出的全新产品时，它的表面已经被设计师的双手和目光以这样或那样的方式抚摸和打量过成百上千次了。
我们也竭尽全力使产品不会令人生厌。有些产品外形又酷又好用——它们是一系列会在潜移默化中提升你生活品质的奇妙物品。而另一些产品，其令人讨厌的设计几乎使其实用性变得不值一提，比如桌角伤人的咖啡桌，以及看起来像曼哈顿地图一般令人迷惑的遥控器。两类产品的区别在于其设计方式，在于其外观和手感，而造成这一切不同的正是工业设计。
unit 5 reading a国际贸易
每当我们走进商店、餐馆、剧院或者任何别的商业场所进行消费的时候，我们就在进行交易。从根本上说，国际贸易同我们在国内进行的贸易并无差别。理解贸易的关键是牢记贸易发生的原因。不管是哪里的人，他们进行贸易的理由是因为他们相信通过贸易可以获益。当我们想想另一种选择，即我们每个人都自给自足，那么贸易的意义就更容易理解了。
通过进出口可以创造出更加多样化的商品和服务，因为各个国家都可以专注于自己最有优势的产品。一个国家通过专门生产自己生产效率最高的商品，就能提高产量，就有机会来提高销量，并增加利润。更多的利润则可转化为员工更高的工资和对工厂及设备更多的投资。进出口也会为消费者提供更多廉价的商品。
我们可以用绝对优势和相对优势的经济学原理来解释贸易带来的好处。假设有一名律师和一名法律助理，如果这个律师准备案情摘要或打印信件所花费的时间比法律助理少，那么用经济学术语来说，该律师在准备案情摘要和打印信件方面都拥有“绝对优势”。如果到此为止，我们就有可能会说这个律师两件事都应该做，因为他这两方面都更在行。
按照相对优势的原理，该律师应专注于发挥其最强项——打官司，而法律助理则应专注于打印信件。如果各取所长，他们实际的工作效率会比各自都做这两项工作要高。通过专门
从事各自最擅长的事情，然后以自己的产品去换取所需，双方均可获益。
通过国际贸易，不同国家得以用自己最高效生产的产品去换取别国最高效生产的产品。市场上的消费者越多，每个国家专营自己优势产品的能力就越强。需要着重强调的是，律师和法律助理都会从专业化分工和贸易中获益。同样，国际贸易对所有参与国来说都是一个双赢的局面。
unit 6 reading a我们如何运输货物
货物必须从产地运往消费者所在地。目前有五种主要的货物运输方式，即：铁路、水路、公路、管道和航空运输。每种运输方式都有其不同的运载工具。
铁路在整个货物运输中占据了重要的地位。铁路运输的优势在于这种运输方式能满足不同的需求。货物无论轻重均可通过铁路运输，速度亦可变化。特殊货物可使用改装车厢运输。冷藏车厢用来运输易腐货物，油罐车厢运输油品，其他各种原料可使用自卸车厢。相对于其他运输方式，铁路运输的运费是比较优惠的。
水路运输工具为大宗货物提供了廉价的运输方式，相对于其重量而言，这些大宗货物的运输价值较低。如果运输速度不是最主要考虑因素的话，人们特别愿意使用水路运输方式。集装箱货轮常用于国家之间运输货物，特别设计的矿石货船用于运输矿石，而运输原油则使用油轮。
公路货车不太适合运输体积大、价值低的货物。不过，它们能实现门到门的递送，因为连最偏僻的地方它们都能去，这样避免了反复的搬运和转运，而这也正是公路运输的一个优势。人们使用罐车运输液体，用冷藏车运输易腐货物，而厢式货车则用来运输家具及昂贵的商品。
管道可远距离运输液体、气体或固液态混合体，可铺设于地上或水下。与其他运输工具相比，用管道运输原油和天然气经济实惠，运输量大时尤其如此。然而，管道建设及维护却需要大量的资金投入。
当其他考虑优先于高昂的航空运费时，则可选择航空货运。例如，运输易腐货物、药品或机器备件时，速度是最重要的因素；而对于昂贵商品的运输，安全性则最为关键。
unit 7 text a译文
我真的很想知道
周五晚上我结束了节食。把去年因常去曼哈顿的餐馆吃饭而增加的20磅减掉后，我敢说我该理直气壮美餐一顿了。为庆祝节食成功，我和太太去了休斯顿一家我们最喜欢的餐馆。
饭菜与往常一样，味道好极了，服务比平常还要好。我真想给这家餐馆的每个项目都打最高分，但我没有。为什么？一会儿我们就知道了
一家公司想度量一下顾客满意度是件好事。但是，要想把这件事做好，整个度量过程必须妥善设计，并自始至终完整地实施。合理设计调查问卷仅仅是这个过程的第一步。为了能够从顾客那里获得代表性的数据样本，并将偏见降到最低，建立数据搜集程序也同样重要。许多公司却未能做到这一点，而这也正是这家餐馆的失败之处。
话说我们喝完咖啡之后，侍者拿来了账单。与账单附在一起的，还有一份简要的顾客满意度调查问卷。问卷的一面是餐馆老板的一份说明，开头写着“我真的很想知道”；另一面是一些标准的测量项目，以及顾客填写意见的空白处。有一点不同的是，这份调查问卷已经由侍者填完了。在“很好”、“好”和“有待提高”三个级别上，侍者已经在所有“很好”的方框内划了一条线。
尽管我很满意这家餐馆的服务，我也不打算把一份已由别人完成了的调查问卷放到意见箱里。然而，很多人却会不假思索就将这种问卷交回。
如此进行顾客满意度调查，这家餐馆的老板只是在愚弄自己罢了。如果他“真的很想知道”，在顾客
离开时，让人给他们分发一些邮资已付的调查问卷，会对他更有好处。
如果你正在进行或者正打算进行顾客满意度调查，我们强烈建议你除了注重问卷的设计外，也要特别注意问卷的发放和回收过程。
unit 8 text a译文
职业趋势
据美国劳工统计局的统计，今后十年内的三个热门职业领域将分别是信息技术、医疗和健身。到2010年，以上每个职业领域对人才的需求都将会增加一倍。
近年来人才需求增长速度最快的领域之一是计算机技术，这并不令人吃惊。技术的进步确保这种趋势还会继续一段时期。系统分析师、设计师和开发师、电脑程序员、网络开发人员、信息技术顾问和信息管理人员反映出计算机技术领域职业的范围非常广泛。从事基础设施建设和维护、缆线、卫星等工作的硬件工程师也是需求的对象。
另一个确定会增长的领域是医疗。医疗保健类工作的增加直接归功于人口老龄化和疾病治疗手段的增多。对医疗助理和护士、家庭健康顾问以及健康信息技术人员的需求将会增加。其结果是，所需要的管理和后勤人员的职位数量也会扩大。
面对生老病死人们的健康意识越来越强烈，健身领域预计也将会在下一个十年内得到快速发展。现有职业领域中的新型服务也方兴未艾，许多这些服务被直接提供给消费者。健身管理专家和体育教练的职业仍将保持很高的市场需求。所有这些职业都要求具备健康领域的学位。
在寻找职业方向时，明确未来的职业趋势会有所助益。然而，不管该职业领域的前景有多好，你的职业选择都必须首先建立在对自身技能、能力、个人素质和兴趣的评估之上。同样有一点很重要，那就是在任何领域中获得成功的必要条件都是沟通技能、积极的精神状态和与人相处的能力。没有这些素质，世界上所有的教育和培训都不会帮你走得很远。
新职业英语教程篇四
新 职 业 英 语
第一册
邓蓓蓓
新职业英语
unit 1 organization
objectives:
grasp the main idea(the essence of writing is to write what one enjoys writing)and structure of the text(narration in chronological sequence);ing strategy and the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;conduct a series of listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the s: main idea of the reading a, and reading b the main idea;iate the narrative skills demonstrated in the text; the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;outlines: pre-reading tasks: warming-up task 1 look at the following logos and give the names of the countries in which the companies are -reading tasks: grasping the structure of the text(15 m)cultural backgroundthe essence of good essays is to write what one enjoys writing about.2.t checks if ss have done the rest of the after-text exercises in their spare time, and discuss some common errors that crop up.(15 m) self-study room exercise s page 16 task 1 and task 2: time allotment: 1st period 2nd period 3rd period 4th period 5th period 6th period pre-reading;while-reading(text structure;cultural notes;language points)while-reading(language points, listening, grammars etc)while-reading(language points;grammatical structures)while-reading(grammatical structures;details;synonyms;coherence)post-reading(main idea;exercises)while-reading(listening and speaking, exercises etc.)post-reading(theme-related language learning tasks)pre-reading tasks: what is a logo
a logo is a graphical element that, together with its logo type, forms a trademark or commercial lly, a logo's design is for immediate recognitio logo is one aspect of a company's ag, established in 1964, is a spanersified retail and wholesale group based in is the largest in its home market, and one of the most globalized retail and wholesale -mart stores, inc., founded in 1962, is an american public corporation that runs a chain of large, discount department is the world's largest public corporation by revenue, according to the “2008 fortune global 500”.carrefour sa is a french international hypermarket chain, with a global network of is the second largest retail group in the world in terms of revenue after g group is the largest company of the republic of is composed of samsung electronics, samsung heavy industries and samsung engineering & group limited is china's largest and the world's fourth largest personal computer mainly produces desktops, laptops, servers, handheld computers, imaging equipment and mobile phone handsets(听筒).nokia corporation is a finnish multinational communications is focused on wireless and wired is the world's largest manufacturer of mobile -reading tasks: 1 grasping the structure of the text(15 m): ss circle the key words, phrases and clauses in text a and b for example: it all began in january 1996 as a research project at stanford university by t larry to find a better way for web users to search for relevant pages, page had an idea that this could be achieved by examining the relationships between web thought that web pages which had the most links to them from other web pages must be the most technique appeared to be successful.t draws ss attention to text organization exercise 2 , reads its instructions, and asks them these two questions:(3)in this way ss will be able to spanide the text into 3 parts and sum up the main ideas.(4)several ss report the main ideas they have summed up to the class al backgroundthe essence of good essays is to write what one enjoys writing about.2.t checks if ss have done the rest of the after-text exercises in their spare time, and discuss some common errors that crop up.(15 m) self-study room exercise s page 16 task 1 and task 2:
unit two office
g a g-up ①task: ask ss to read n's schedule for write their schedules for ive: ss can organize their activities in one day and make a time : 1> ss read warming-up task.2> go through n's schedule with ss 3> allow three mins for ss to do the task.4> ask some ss to present their work.②task: ask ss to answer the following questions in 1 what are duties for a typical secretary √handling correspondence √managing a filing system √keeping track of schedules operating and maintaining office equipment √dealing with phone calls
handling orders, budgeting or bookkeeping managing training or other personnel work table 2
which skills are required in a good secretary √being skillful in managing time
understanding staff needs and solving their problems handling customers' complaints effectively √being good at interpersonal relations √being able to settle office chaos
√being skillful in handling paperwork
knowing how to deal with other companies ge points paragraph 1 a variety of: a lot of things of the same type that are different from each other in some way girls come from a variety of different t: show or bw a sign of a particular situation or feeling low value of the dollar reflects growing concern about the us aph 2 depend on: be decided by e.g the price depends on the depends(on)whether you want to do it or m: smallest amount of something or number of things that is possible or necessary e.g llooking after a cat costs a minimum of$2000a : do the things that are necessary to complete a job.e.g computers can handle huge amounts of secretary will handle all the track of: to pay attention to someone or something so that you know what is happening to them e.g it's difficult to keep track of all the new discoveries in e: use and control a machine or equipment;to run e.g mary was experienced in operating the company operates five riate: t or suitable for a particular time, situation or purpose e.g i didn't feel that this was an appropriate tine to mention the subject of with : to take the necessary action, especially in order to solve a problem e.g they should deal properly and fairly with any aph 3 efficient: g well and effectively without wasting money or energy staff think maria is a very efficient pate: expect that something wall happen and be ready for it is anticipated that next year the workers, wage will ential: or written in secret and intended to be kept secret s are required to keep patients, records completely aph 4 prospect.a person ,job ,plan, etc, that has good chance of success in the future;a possibility that something you hope for will happen
manager held out bright prospects for me if i would accept of his person, considered separately from the rest of the group or society is important to know that the virus can be passed from ered separately from other people or things in the same group inspanidual leaf on the tree is : continue doing an activity or trying to achieve something over a long period of time
ine pursued her acting career with great nging: ult in an interesting or enjoyable way ng young children is a challenging and rewarding the answers of task 1 & task 2 ig b in this section, t should ask ss to learn the new words and expressions by themselves as well as the text, and then let some of ss answer the exercises in ing to their performance, t gives them a score related to the total mark..ing & speaking in this section, ss are asked to listen they listen to from task1 to task5 for the first time, they should give the answers to each of the , t gives them the correct answers, and ss themselves give a score of task1 to task y, ss listen to the tape intensively for the second time, and t explains the key points for some difficult g make a introduction of an ss to finish task1 and task2 in class and check the project project asks ss to design a travel route and make an itinerary(旅行计划).it helps to train ss to be competent in travel compare different airlines, hotels and places of interest to decide which is the most concept comes from real life, hence it's order to complete it successfully, ss should use the knowledge and skills they've learned from other activities in the sample on ss book provides an authentic travel itinerary for a three-day trip to can refer to it and make their work presented in a similar : the class into are several ways: ss pick up their own partners;teachers group fast learners with slow learners;ss find their partners by drawing lots.②defining the through the project with the class and clarify are advised to do it after ss study reading b.③timing & ss the deadline for completion and guidelines on working riate time management and job spanision are likely to be serious problems at the beginning, where basic instructions from the teacher should come ss get used to the mini-project, they will become more them that different ss have different work but everybody contributes to the discuss first and then decide who will do present their evidence for this project, they need to show a written travel itinerary and explain it orally in them to do that after they study the whole : since it takes time and efforts to complete a project, you can ask only two or three groups to do each demonstrate their work in class and give your this way ,ss cerulean from each following websites are for your reference: http:///familu/ the answers of language lab -study room 动词的时态: 时态是英语谓语动词通过自身的变化来表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态的各种形式.每一种“时间—方式”就构成一种时态,所以英语动词一共有16种时态,其中最常用的有5种(**表示),较常用的有4种(*表示).现以动词为例,将英语的16种时态列表如下: 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 过去 **wrote *was/were writing *had written had been writing 现在
**write / writes **am /is/are writing **have/has written *have / has been writing 将来
**will/shall/be going to write will/shall/be going to be writing will/shall/be going to have written will/shall/be going to have been writing 过去将来
would/should/be going to write would/should/be going to be writing would/should/be going to have written would/should/be going to have been writing in the part, t makes an analysis of each tense and gives some examples for them.(pay attention to each tense on some special conditions). language lab in class.(notes: t ask some ss to finish some exercises orally, and the translation exercises should be handed in and checked by t)homework: the new words and expressions in unit language lab(p29-30).preview the third 3 business meals
objectives:
grasp the main idea(the essence of writing is to write what one enjoys writing)and structure of the text(narration in chronological sequence);ing strategy and the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;conduct a series of listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the s: main idea of the reading a, and readingb the main idea;iate the narrative skills demonstrated in the text; the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;outlines: pre-reading tasks: warming-up task 1 complete the following table seating 2: principles of seating arrangement people who have common interests male and female guests of honor in most important person should be seated at the right hand of the -reading tasks: grasping the structure of the text(15 m)cultural backgroundthe essence of good essays is to write what one enjoys writing self-study room exercises on page 48 task 1 ,task 2 and task 3
unit five trade
warming-up task 1 objective: ss can identify the slogans of some famous : read warming-up task through slogans a-h with ss to match the slogans with the the permitting, encourage ss to brainstorm more ound information is a slogan
a slogan is a memorable motto or phrase used in a political , commercial , religious and other context as a repetitive expression of an idea or s in advertising are claimed to be the most effective means of drawing attention to one or more aspects of a y introduction nike a major publicly-traded sportswear and equipment supplier based in the united is the world's leading supplier of athletic shoes and apparel(服装)and a major manufacturer of sports inc., is an american multinational corporation with a focus on designing and manufacturing consumer electronics and software nic is an international brand name for japanese electric products manufacturer
hita electric industrial co., this brand matsushita sells plasma(等离子)and lcd(liquid crystal display)panels, dvd recorders and players, telephones, microwave ovens, shavers, projectors, digital cameras, batteries, laptop computers, of these are marketed under their slogan “ideas for life”.l house is a brand of coffee manufactured by a like-named spanision of kraft --up is the brand of a soft motor co., ltd, shortened to nissan, is a multinational automaker headquartered in tly it is the third largest japanese car lijke philips electronics n.v., usually known as philips, is one of the largest electronics companies in the world, founded and headquartered in the products include consumer electronics, domestic appliances, lighting and medical ted answers a-7 b-2 c-1 d-4 e-5 f-8 g-3 h-6 task 2
objective: ss can identify several kinds of advertisement : read warming-up task 2 ss to work in pairs and list places where they have seen or heard the slogans in task 1 some ss to give their the class to add more if ize the various media used for ted answers poster , newspaper , tv commercial , outdoor signs , ge points paragraph 1 regardless of: paying no attention to law requires equal treatment for all ,regardless of race , religion or off :in a better situation , especially in financial terms my husband was made the manager , we are better ative: ing you can choose to do or use instead of something else there an alternative to what you propose
make sense : to have a clear meaning and be easy to understand this and tell me if it makes aph 2 process :n.a series of actions that are done in order to achieve a particular result g fit again has been a long slow lize(in): limit all or most of your study, business, a particular subject or activity y alice decided to specialize in contract er: e who buys and uses products and services re are a wider choice of goods for the consumers in big aph 3 benefit :ing that gives you advantages or improves your life in some way aid program will bring lasting benefits to the te: ted: complete: true , correct and not changing in any situation : not in comparison with other things absolute ruler need not ask anyone for permission to do anything.a child usually has absolute trust in his have an absolute right to refuse medical absolute terms wages have risen, but not in comparison with the cost of ative: ed or judged by comparing a lifetime of poverty, his last few years were spent in comparative : ted with or in accordance with the law is my legal advisor be inclined to : to have a tendency or wish to do something e.g.i am inclined to start at aph 4 party : of the people or groups involved in an argument, agreement, two parties are having difficulty agreeing with each aph 5 exchange: give something to someone and at the same time receive the same type of thing from them e.g.i shook hands and exchanged a few words with the act of giving something to someone and receiving something else from them you like my old tv in exchange for this camera likewise: same: in a similar way put up a hat and told the girls to do ipate(in): take part in or become involved in an activity ne in the class is expected to participate actively in these -project this project asks ss to sell something directly to helps ss develop promotion strategies and persuasion should use various methods to promote a particular product and adopt different strategies to persuade people to buy is actually a simulation of person-to-person order to complete it successfully, ss should use the knowledge and skills they've learned from other activities in the sample on ss, books provides a simplified promotion can refer to it and perform their promotion activity in a similar : the class into ng the through the project with the class and clarify are advised to do it after ss study reading ss to study the points listed in business & ss the deadline for completion and guidelines on working age them to decide first which product to sell and then assign different members different present their evidence for this project, they need to perform a promotion activity in class and their classmates can take the roles of them to do it after they study the whole : ss can put up a sign with slogans on the classroom wall and bring in the products they want to sell..ss need to introduce the products orally in class and then try to persuade their classmates to —study room noun clauses 名词性从句是高中英语语法条目中的重点和难点.许多学生任凭老师讲的口干舌燥,习题做了不少,但仍不明白什么是名词性从句,怎样辨认,怎样正确使用.我认为原因有二:汉语语言中没有名词性从句;大多数语法书和材料应用逐条讲解的方式,缺乏对四种从句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句)之间的内含,异同点,位置,连词用法系统讲解.要让学生正确理解名词性从句,就要做到以下几点:化难为简:把抽象的理论用通俗的例句展现出来;变模糊为清晰;把纷繁的语法条目用表格形式展现出来.在英语复合句中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句.名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语,宾语,表语,同位语,介词宾语等成分.依据其语法功能,名词性从句又可分为主语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句和表语从句.教师: 同学们,今天我们学习语法——名词性从句
学生甲:老师,名词性从句是不是充当名词使用
教师:不完全是.在英语中,能担任主语,宾语,表语,同位语的从句被称为名词性从句.名词性从句含主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句.学生乙:老师,这些语法术语原来也听到过,可从来不十分清楚.教师:这个很自然,原来我们没有系统学习这项语法,今天我们正式学习,只要认真听讲,一定会掌握的.你们知道,火车要有火车头来引领,名词性从句也要有引领的东西;语法上叫连接词.没有火车头,火车跑不起来;同样没有连接词,名词性从句就不能存在于复合句中.学生丙: 老师, 快告诉我们哪些词可以当名词性从句中的连接词.教师:根据名词性从句所表达意义的不同,可将名词性从句分成代表三种意义的从句,分别由不同的连接词引导,请看表.学生丁: 老师,我看过一些语法书,在讲解名词性从句时好像没有陈述,是否,疑问这些概念.教师:不,一般语法书没有从名词性从句表达的含义出发引出连接词,结果,造成学生们不能真正理解名词性从句的意义.我通过多年教学实践,探索出这个易于你们掌握名词性从句的途径.这样分类,既有道理又符合你们的认知水平.请看下面的三个分别表陈述,是否和疑问的从句:that he was saved;whether or not he was saved;who saved him我把上面的句子分别放到主语,宾语,表语和同位语的位置,这些句子自然就充当该成分,即生成主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句.请看具体做法:放到主语的位置(生成主语从句):
that he was saved/whether or not he was saved / who saved him is clear.放到宾语的位置(生成宾语从句):
i don't know/that he was saved /whether or not he was saved /who saved him 放到表语的位置(生成表语从句):
the fact/the question is that he was saved./ whether or not he was saved./who saved him
放到同位语的位置(生成同位语从句): that he was have no doubt whether or not he was saved him
学生甲:老师,经您这样一讲,名词性从句一点都不困难了.可是,我们以前做的习题中,涉及到 it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的主语从句.什么时候用it作形式主语呀
学生乙:还有,作宾语从句的连接词that不是可以省略吗 您怎么没有讲呀
学生丙: 老师,那天您给我解答问题时说,同位语从句解释说明前面那个词的内容,您不是说有许多词后面可以接同位语从句吗 今天怎么只提到一个
教师:你们说的非常好,说明你们平时学习很留心.我刚才讲的是名词性从句大的框架.你们不是都明白了吗 最基本的大框架理解了,枝节性的小问题还不好解决吗 下面,我们就名词性从句的细节问题逐一讨论, 8 career
objectives: ts learn the basic parts of a job ts can identify their preferences for future master new words and expressions of text get to know the form of g-up task 1 objective: students learn the basic parts of a job :.students read warming-up task through the job offer with students and ask them to match descriptions a-e with their corresponding parts 1-5 in the advertisement..give the 2 objective: students can identify their preferences for future :.students read warming-up 2..get students to work in pairs and discuss the question..ask some pairs to persent their work..comment briefly on their ures: language points paragraph 1 decade:n.a period of ten years was the first meeting between the two companies in more than a aph 2 relate to:to be connected with relate to something i mentioned : make it certain that something will happen the necessary steps have been taken to ensure the safety of the wife ensured that he took his pills every aph 3 guarantee: promise that something will certainly happen pr be this opportunity,and i guarantee you won't regret utable to:likely to have been cased by something death was attribtable to gunshot demand:greatly desired d workers are in great demand in this aph 4 expand: become larger in size,number or amount,or to make something become larger population of the town expanded rapidly in the ous:ng or realizing something;aware e.g.i was very conscious of the fact that i had to make a good you conscious how people will regard such behavior in the face of:before;in the presence of could he do in the face of all these diffeculties open out:to become wider;to develop path opens out into a courtyard behind the ss has been opening out recently paragraph 5 identification: act or process of recognizing something t indentification of consumers' needs is important to the success of ily: research is concerned primarily with prevention of the ment:n.a process of making a judgment about a person or situation 's the ceo's assessment of the situation
the investigation was reopened after careful assessment of the new ve:ing that good things will happen or that a situation will get better;good,useful 've got to be more positive about your least something positive has come out of the the education and training in the world will not get you very far all the education and training in the world will not help you housing prices at this high level,$50,000won't get you very ss know-how what are employers looking for desired skills
.interpersonal rk ical and written ship experience personal iasm reading b(notes)job at:a job advertisement helps employers find the kind of employees they usually includes the information about the job,suchastitle,location,responsibilities,salary range and other benefits,and the minimum experience,skills and other qualifications required of the ing & speaking task 1 key: 1.b 2.c 3.d task 2
key: 1.f moving his career in another direction 2.f she's glad to do so 3.t 4.t task 3 key :selling furniture have to be physically strong working on weekdays need to have driver's license task 6 key: interviewee information name sally huang university(m.a)ubc education management current employer express english current job secretary task 5(omitted)task 6(omitted)writing task 1
suggested answers resume 1.a resume is a sunmary of one's qualifications,which describes him/her and shows what he/she can should make a good first impression to a potential employer will decide whether he/she is qualified or not for their position according to the ,the employer will use the resume to determine whether to bring him/her into the office for an ore,a good resume is important in ance is important,but content is even more information in one's resume needs to be well organized,easy to read and should address the employer's needs and show the employer how he/she will benef should focus on his /her achievements and career goals…
3.a resume usually includes one's personal information,objective,education details,work experience,skills,interest,personality,and so -project work in groups,each group performs a job the interviewers report which applicant is best qualified for the job with the help of the observation : group members act as interviewers and the rest as iewees should prepare resumes and present them at the beginning of the iewers need to observe and put questions to the interviewees and fill in the observation sheet during the -project this project asks students to simulate a job interview and helps them develop interview skills,the interview simulation demands students to play the roles of interviewers and interviewees' performance and then decide who to hire with sound iewees need to prepare resume before participating in whole process corresponds with what happens in the real it is authentic and order to complete it successfully,students should use the knowledge and skills they've learned from other activities in the –study room: nonfinite verb 一.教学内容: 初步掌握非谓语的基本结构及用法 二.教学重难点
掌握非谓语所能够充当的句子成分
(一)非谓语的分类以及各自在句子中所能充当的成分.非谓语分为不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词.(动名词和现在分词形式相同)现在分词:(doing,having done,being done,having been done)1.现在分词在句子中做表语.(即进行时态)如: he is playing football on the playground.i was studying english from 1991 to 1999.2.现在分词在句子中做定语.如: do you know the man speaking to my teacher i saw a sleeping cat when i entered the room.3.现在分词在句子中做状语.现在分词在句子中做状语表示在主句动作发生的同时,主语又发生的事情.如: the boy sat there thinking about his pla man looked at his broken car, wondering how much it will cost to get it finished his breakfast, tom went to highly praised, he thought of another great adventure.注意:非谓语做状语的时候,其逻辑主语一定是主句的主语, 如: having examined him, the doctor told him been examined, he was told ok.特例:不需与主句主语一致的现在分词状语有:judging from/by, generally speaking,considering,talking of,supposing,beginning等)
4.在句子中做宾补.(以现在分词做宾补的动词主要有:mind,suggest, imagine,see, hear,feel,smell,taste,keep等)如: can you imagine him waiting here for another 2 hours he suggested us going home and coming here smelt something just kept her students cleaning the classroom every were suggested going was seen playing the violin wonderfully.过去分词: 1.过去分词在句子中做表语.(即被动语态)如: his job has been is highly praised.2.过去分词在句子中做定语.如: do you know the difference between written and spoken english the house with a broken window is window broken by him is being repaired now.3.过去分词在句子中做宾补.(接过去分词做宾补的动词主要有:get,make,have, see,hear等)
he has had/made/got his hair saw her husband killed in the hair was made was heard awarded the oscar award.4.过去分词做状语.注意非谓语做状语的时候,ted, he would have succeeded in doing that.讨论:此句为什么不用having been permitted
本句的句意是“如果当时他被允许(做这件事)的话,他本会成功的” 过去分词做状语可以表示条件,与if + done可以互换.而现在分词中的完成被动式不可以,它只可以表示完成被动, 而且只有非谓语与谓语是很鲜明的先后关系时才可以用(平时很少用到)如: having been finished, his homework was sent to his teacher to be corrected.如果非谓语与谓语是一般的先后关系的话,直接用过去分词即可 如: guided by the guide, he found the place d by the teacher, he felt very depressed.英语中用主动表示被动的情况
1.在不定式做定语时,如果不定式的真正主语(未必是本句的主语)出现了的话,要
用主动语态代替被动语态.如: i have some homework to do.i have some homework for you to do.i have some homework to be is some homework to do/to be is some homework for us to building to be built is our new building for them to build is our new library.2.出现在表示主语性质的形容词后面的不定式,要用主动语态代替被动语态.如: this book is easy to tv is cheap to buy.3.谓语动词在表示主语性质的时候,要用主动语态代替被动语态.如: this kind of books sell pen writes 't drop the ink over your doesn't wash out.4.一些词组中的动名词的用法.(be worth doing,need/want/require/deserve)如:the car needs/wants/requires book deserves/is worth reading.
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