2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:虚拟语气

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▲高考英语语法必考知识点:虚拟语气

虚拟语气用来表示假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。虚拟语气表示说话者所说的话并非事实,或难以实现的,甚至表达相反的概念。另外表示主观愿望或表达某种强烈的感情时,也用虚拟语气。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:虚拟语气的种类

1、陈述语气

表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。如:

Iraq is an Asian country. 伊拉克是亚洲国家。(肯定句)

The US and British armies did not start the Second Gulf War until March 20,2003.

美英联军直到2003年3月20日才发动第二次海湾战争。(否定句)

Who was it that they want to help 他们想要帮忙的人到底是谁呀(疑问句)

How interesting my stay in China has been! 我在中国的日子过的真有趣!(感叹句)

2、祈使语气

表示说话人对对方的请求、警告,建议或命令。如:

Please come over here. 请到这边来。

Would you be so kind as to lend me a hand 请帮个忙好吗

Watch your steps! 当心!(走路)

Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。

3、虚拟语气

虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语从句的特殊形式表示出来的。如:

If I were a bird,I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。

I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。

May you succeed! 祝你成功!

If only we had been college students last year! 上一年我们要是大学生该多好!

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:虚拟语气中的主语和动词be

若主从句主语一致,且谓语部分包含有动词be,通常可将主语和动词be省略:

If repaired earlier,the tractor would not have broken down.

要是早点儿修一下,拖拉机就不会抛锚了。(=If it had been repaired earlier…)

“it+be”的省略

If necessary,I would send more farmhands to help you.

如果需要的话,我会派更多的人去帮你。(=If it was necessary,…)

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:虚拟语气

1、一想要(desire) 一宁愿(prefer) 一坚持(insist)二命令(order , command) 三建议(advise , suggest , propose/recommend) 四要求(demand , require , request , ask)中,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用:"should + do"。should可以省略。

eg:He suggested that we (should) take the teacher's advice.

He insisted that we (should) take the teacher's advice.

He demand that we (should) take the teacher's advice.

He ordered that we (should) take the teacher's advice.

insist意为“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气;意为“坚持某种观点,某个事实”则不用虚拟语气。

eg:

He insists he is a student.

他坚持说他是个学生。

这个语句表示的是事实,因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。

suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气,意为“暗示”或“表明”则不用虚拟语气。

eg:

His face suggests that he looks worried .

他的表情表明了他很担心。

这个句子本身是事实,因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:虚拟语气

2、表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如:necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity ,the shame ,no wonder等。

句型:It is.......that +主语从句,从句的谓语动词常用should+原形且should的省略要看情况而定。

eg:

Do you think it is necessary that he (should)not be sent to Lingbao.(should表示“建议”的语气,可省。)

It is strange that such a person should be our friend.(should表示“竟然”的语气,不可省。)

奇怪的是这样一个人会成为我们的朋友。

We also use the subjunctive from in that clauses following adjective of urgency.These statements are similar to commands,but they are impersonal and therefore softer.here are some adjectives of urgency:advisable ,best,critical,desirable,essential,imperative,important,necessary,urgent,vital.

eg:

It's vital that you make a decision right now . (Impersonal and softer)

Make a decision right now! (Strong)

I insist that you make a decision right now. ( strong)

注:这一点还没有准确的说法,希望善心人能把这点补充完全。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:虚拟语气

3、 在even if,even though 所引导的让步状语从句中用may/might+动词原形,may/might可以省略,表示与现 在相反的情况;从句用过去式,表示与过去相反的情况,类似的词有though/even though/whatever/however/so long as; 主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。

eg:

Even if he were here himself,he should not know what to do.

即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。(事实:他没来)

Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.

即使华佗在世也救不了他。(事实:华佗不在世)

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:虚拟语气

4、 在whatever,whichever,whenever,whoever,wherever,however,no matter wh-等引导的让步状语从句中,从句虚拟语气结构为:

指现 在或将来:may +do。

eg:

We will finish it on time no matter what may happen.

不管发生什么事,我们都要按时完成。

We will find him wherever he may be.

无论他在哪里,我们都要找到他。

I will wait for him no matter how late he may come.

不管他来的多么晚,我都会等他。

指过去:may +have done。

eg:

You mustn't be proud whatever great progress you may have made.

不管你取得了多么大的进步,你也不能骄傲。

We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made.

不管他犯过什么错误,我们必须尊敬他。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:虚拟语气

5、一般would rather,had rather,would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望,故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:

过去 had + done

现 在 过去时(be 用were )

将来 过去时(be 用were ) (would rather将来情况用一般过去时)

eg:

I'd rather you had seen the film yesterday.

我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。

I'd rather you were here now.

我倒想你现在在这儿。

We'd rather you went here tomorrow.

我们倒想你明天去那儿

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:虚拟语气

6、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中,表示:“早该做某事了”时,定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为:It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + do(should不可省略)(优先使用动词过去式),即从句用虚拟过去式。

It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.

我该去学校接我的女儿了。

It is high time you should go to work.

你早该上班了。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:虚拟语气

7、 简单句中的虚拟语气

(1) 说话时,为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌,言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为:would / could / might / should +do。

eg:

Would you mind my shutting the door

你介意我把门关起来吗

You should always learn this lesson by heart.

你要把这个教训牢记于心。

I should agree with you.

我本该同意你的观点。(委婉的不同意)

(2)表示“祝愿”时,常用may +主语+ do。

eg:

May you have a good journey!

祝你一路顺风。

May your youth last forever!

祝你青春永驻。

(3)表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时,常用do。

eg:God bless us. 上帝保佑。

(4)习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。

① 提出请求或邀请。eg:

Would you like to have a talk with us this evening

今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗

Could I use your bike now

我可以用一下你的单车吗

② 陈述自己的观点或看法。eg:

I should be glad to meet you.

见到你我会很高兴。

I would try my best to help you.

我会尽力帮助你。

③提出劝告或建议。eg:

You'd better ask your father first.

你最好先问一问你的父亲。

You should make a full investigation of it first.

你应该先全面调查一番。

④ 提出问题。eg:

Do you think he could get here on time

你认为他能按时来吗

Do you expect he would tell us the truth

你期望他会告诉我们真相吗

⑤表示对过去情况的责备时,常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:情态动词+ have done。

eg:

You should have got here earlier. 你早该到这里了。

You should have returned it to him. 你早该把它还给他了。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:虚拟语气中的误区

1.混合条件句的主从句时态不会灵活变化;

2.省略if时,句子调整不正确;

3.不会去找意思中的“应该”含义;

4.陷在虚拟中出不来,把真实条件句当成虚拟条件句。

【典型例题】

1) If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now.

A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told

解析:错选D。应该选择A。

2)The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.

A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained

解析:答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。

3)_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.

A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I

解析:答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.

4). My suggestion is that she ________ more exercise, which will do a lot of

good to her.

A. takes B. must take C. take D. took

解析:错选A。本题要表达“我的建议是她(应该)多锻炼,这对她会有很大好处。”符合虚拟的条件,所以正确答案为C。空前面省略了should.

推荐阅读:

2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:过去将来完成进行时
2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:过去将来完成时
2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:过去将来进行时
2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:英语常见易错句

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