2017年高考英语语法必考知识点：将来完成时

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▲高考英语语法必考知识点：将来完成时

将来完成时是用在表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time短语引导的现在时的从句连用。

状态已完成：表示某事持续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。并在将来完成。

动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或已经对动作会产生一定的影响。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点：将来完成时的构成

shall（第一人称）will（第二、三人称）+have+过去分词（done）。

即在以下情况下可以用将来完成进行时而不用将来完成时：

1)动作本身就是连续的：

By the end of the month he will have been living/working/studying here for ten years．

到了月底他在这里居住/工作/学习就满十年了。

2) 一种经常进行的动作被表示为连续的动作：By the end of this month he will have been training horses/climbing mountains for twenty years．

到了这个月底他驯马/登山就满 20年了。

但是如果提到所驯马匹或所攀登的山峰的数目，或用任何方式把动作分割为一次又一次的动作，就必须用将来完成时：

By the end of the month he will have trained 600 horses/climbed 50 mountains．

到本月底，他驯服的马就有600匹/攀登的山峰就有50座了。

将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点：将来完成时的例句

a. 状态已完成：表示某事持续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。并在将来完成。

b. 动作已完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或已经对动作产生一定的影响。

例：a：They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们俩结婚就满20年了。

b: You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天的这个时候你就到上海了。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点：将来完成时的用法

1.表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。

例：{1}Pick me up at 8 o'clock,I will have had breakfast by then.

早上8点钟你来接我，到时我已经吃完早饭了。

{2}We shall（will） have learned 12 units by the end of this term.

到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。

{3}By the time you get home， I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.

你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍。

2.表示推测，相当于"must have done"结构。

例：{1}You will have heard of this, I guess. 我猜你已经听说过这件事了。

{2}I am sure that he will have got the information. 我相信他一定会得到这个信息。

3.表示某种状态一直持续到说话人所提及的时间。

例：We will have been married a year on June 25th. 到6月25日我们俩结婚就满1年了。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点：将来完成时的重要考点

考点一：常用的时间状语一般用by + 将来时间 ，如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的从句。

By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.

By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.

By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.

考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。

The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school

▲高考英语语法必考知识点：将来完成时

现在完成时、过去完成时与将来完成的区别

现在完成时以现在时间为参照点，表示在“现在”以前完成的动作或持续到“现在”的状态，过去完成时则以过去时间为参照点，表示在“过去”某一时间以前发生的动作或持续到“过去”某一时间的状态，将来完成时则以将来时间为参照点，表示在“将来”某一时间为止已经完成的动作或持续到“将来”某一时间的状态。如：

He has finished writing his novel. 他已写完了他的小说。

He had finished writing his novel by the end of last year. 去年年底他就写完他的小说。

He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year. 到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。

与一般现在时代替一般将来时一样，在表示时间或者条件的状语从句，通常要用现在完成时来表示将来完成时，而不能直接使用将来完成时。如：

I will go with you when I have finished my work. 等我完成工作之后我就同你去。

若不强调动作的完成(且不致于引起歧义)，有时也可用一般现在时。如：

I will go with you when I finish my work. 我完成工作后就同你去。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点：将来完成时的练习题

练习题

1. By the summer, Elizabeth______ here for ten years .

A. will work B. works C. will have worked D. has worked

2. I. hope you______ the instructions ready before I come tomorrow

A. to get B. shall get C. will get D. will have gotten .

3. No sooner_______ than the accident happened.

A. he had gone B. had he gone C. his going D. he went

4. Hardly______ when the bus suddenly pulled away.

A. they had got to the bus stop B. had they got to the bus stop

C. did they get to the bus stop D. they got to the bus stop

5. Mother doesn't know much time I have spent in watching TV; if she ever found out ,I'm sure_______.

A. she'd never forgive me B. she never forgive me

C. she'll never forgive me D. she does never forgive me

6. As soon as he______ his error, Rockfeller made the necessary corrections to his data collected.

A. discovered B. has discovered C. discovers D. had discovered

7. I _______meeting you ever since we parted.

A. was looking forward to B. have been looking forward to

C. had been looking forward to D. looked forward to

8． Where have you been What _____

A. did you do B. have you been doing C. have made D. were you doing

9. She has been studying here for five years and by the end of next summer she _____.

A. will graduate B. will be graduating C. will be graduated D. will have graduated

10. When you come tonight at eight o’clock, I _____ eight lessons.

A. would review B. shall review C. shall have reviewed D. shall be reviewing

11. “Are Alice and Tom still living in New York” “No, they _____ to Dallas.”

A. are just moved B. have just moved C. had just moved D. will just move

12. I haven’t heard from Maria_____.

A. since a long time B. for many months ago

C. for many months D. since many months before

13. His grandfather ______ for thirty years.

A. died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died

14． Its (high) time you _____ a holiday.

A. had B. have C. will have D. have had

15. By the time Juan gets home, his aunt _____ for Puerto Rico.

A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left

16. All the machines ____ by the end of the following week.

A. were repaired B. will be repaired C. have been repaired D will have been repaired

17. The conference _____ a full week by the time it ends.

A. must have lasted B. will have lasted C. would last D. has lasted

▲高考英语语法必考知识点：将来完成时的答案

答案

1.C 将来完成时态。 By 指：到什么时间为止。

2.D 将来完成时态。 tomorrow 表示将来， get the instructions （指令，指示）这个动作在我回来之前已经完成。

3.B “no sooner……than……”( 刚 …… 就 ……) ，在 no sooner 这部分应当用过去完成时， than 后面用一般过去时。 A ， B 都是过去完成时态，怎么选择 No sooner 的特殊用法，在其后面跟倒装语序，所以选 B 。

4.B hardly……when……( 一 …… 就 ……) ， hardly 后应当用过去完成时， when 后面用一般过去时。 hardly 的特殊用法，在其后面跟倒装语序，所以选 B 。

5.A 过去将来时态。 Forgive 原谅， She’d 相当于： she would. 妈妈不知道我看电视花费了多长时间，如果她知道的话，我相信她将永远不会原谅我。

6.D 过去完成时态。 发现错误这个动作发生在纠正数据那个动作之前，而改正数据的动作用的是过去时态，所以，发生在过去的过去的动作就用过去完成时态。 error 错误。 correction 改正，是名词。 data 数据。

7.B 现在完成时态。表示渴望见你这个动作从过去一直延续到现在以至于将来。 look forward to 渴望，想要 …… 。 ever since 自从 …… 。

8.B 现在完成进行时态。通过上下句来识别时态。

9.D 将来完成时态。 by the end of next summer 为信号词。

10.C 将来完成时态。 Review 温习，复习。

11.B 现在完成时态。说话的时候，他已搬走。

12.C 我已经好几个月没有 Maria 的消息了。现在完成时态， for 引导一个时间状语。

13.C 现在完成时态。他的祖父已经去世三十年了。这里死亡表示一种状态，而不能理解为一种动作，因为死亡是一个短暂性动词，它不可能持续三十年。所以用 has been dead 。

14.A It’s(high)time （是 …… 什么的时候了）的特殊用法，要用完成时态。 Have 在句中是拥有的意思。

15.C将来完成时态。 Leave for 离开一个地方到另一个地方去， By the time 信号词。

16.D将来完成时态。 by the end of 到 …… 时间为止，在此句中引导的时间状语从句为将来时间，所以是用将来时。答案 B ， D 选取哪个机器（ machines ）是被修的，所以用被动语态。显然， D 为正确答案。

17.B 译文：会议从开始到结束，将持续整整一个星期。本句是将来完成时的用法。到将来某时(会议结束)之前业已完成的动作(last) ，所以用将来完成时。

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2017年高考英语语法必考知识点：过去完成时