2017年高考英语语法必考知识点：比较状语从句

学分网给各位考生整理了2017年高考英语语法必考知识点：比较状语从句，希望对大家有所帮助。更多的资讯请持续关注学分网。（http://www.xuefen.com.cn/）

▲高考英语语法必考知识点：比较状语从句

状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。比较状语从句是其中的一种，主要运用于形容词和副词的原级、比较级及最高级的句子之中。原级：as…as（和……一样），not so（as）…as …（和不一样）；比较级：more…than（更）；最高级：The most…in/of， the + 形容词+est…of/in。常用引导词：as（同级比较），than（不同程度的比较）；特殊引导词：the more … the more … ； no … more than；not A so much as B。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点：比较状语从句

通常由as或than引起，这类从句和大多数状语从句不同，它们不修饰动词，而是修饰as，so，less，more等副词，或其他比较级的词，如 taller， harder．在这里讨论它们，不是作为动词修饰语，而是作为一种状语从句。包含这类从句的句子通常为L，即从句在后：

She is as tall as I（or me）．

He works as hard as his brother（does）．

He does not work as hard as his brother．

He does not work so hard as his brother．

No other men work as（or so） hard as his brother （does）．

No other men work as hard as does his brother．

She is taller than I（or me）．

I cannot persuade him any more than your persuade a pillar．（= I am unable to persuade him，just as you are unable to persuade a pillar．）

I can forget her no more than she（forgets）me．

Nothing is more dangerous than that you （should） make friends with him．

I will help you rather than that you（should）have any trouble．

It is better that we should die rather than that we（should）be slaves．

He is only less silly than（= almost as silly as）John．

Than him nobody is more clever．（= He is the cleverest man．）（than在这里的作用更接近介词）

Than this there are no better places．（This is the best place．）

I know John，than whom I have never seen a sillier man．

比较状语从句(adverbial clause of comparison)从某种角度上说，它也是一种方式状语从句，它通常可和以下关联词来引导as(或so)...as, than, according as, in proportion as等。如：

1、as...as...

He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep. 他醒来得和入睡一样突然。(第一个as是副词)

I have never seen so much rain as fell that February. 我从未见过像那个二月那么多雨。(否定结构常用so…as, 也可用as... as)

2、than

Man developed earlier than people think. 人类的出现比人们所想的要早。

He moves more slowly than his sister does. 他行动起来比他妹妹慢。

The youth of today are better off than we used to be. 今天的年轻人比我们过去的境况要好。

3、according as

You may go or stay, according as you decide. 是去是留由你自己决定。

You will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad. 你受表扬还是责备得看你的工作好坏决定。

4、in proportion as

Men are happy in proportion as they are virtuous. 人之幸福与德行成正比。

Some people are happy in proportion as they are noticed. 有些人越受到注意就越高兴。

5、The most…in/of

This book is the most interesting of the three.这本书是三本中最有趣的。

6、the + 形容词+est…of/in

This road is the busiest street in our city. 这条路是我们城市最繁忙的街道。

7、no more than只不过(嫌少的意思)

I have no more than two pens.我只有两支笔。

It’s no more than a mile to the shops.去商店不过一英里。

not more than不如。。。；(前者不如后者)

Jack is not more diligent than John.捷克不如约翰勤奋。

one of the + 名词(复数)….之一(用于最高级)

Han Mei is one of the best students in our school. 韩梅是我们学校最好的学生之一。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点：比较状语从句的种类

(1)同级比较。

英语中表示同级比较的词有as+形容词或副词原形+as；the same as，not so+形容词或副词原形+as(不如…)等。)

例1：Do you enjoy listening to records I find records are often _____, or better than an actual performance. (1996.1)

［A］ as good as［B］ as good［C］ good［D］ good as

答案为［A］。这里的as good as和better than 由or连接，构成并列关系。

例2：The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have _____ as the amount of money borrowed.

［A］ as the same value［B］ the same value［C］ value as the same［D］ the value is the same

答案为［B］。the same...as为固定用法。

(2)差级比较。

英语中的差级比较，仅限于两者之间，常由形容词或副词的比较级形式+than 构成。此外还需要注意以下几点：

①相比较的内容在语法形式或结构上要保持一致。

英语中，为了避免重复通常用that，one，those来代替前文出现的同类事物，其中that可以代替可数名词和不可数名词，而one只能代替单数可数名词，those只能代替复数可数名词。如：

No bread eaten by man is so sweet as _____ earned by his own labour. (1994.8)

［A］ one［B］ that［C］ such［D］ what

答案为［B］。that代替的是不可数名词bread。

②表示倍数的比较形式常为：修饰语 + as...as.../more...than...。有时第二个as，than后面的比较内容会省略。例如：

Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills _____ people each year than automobile accidents. (1999.2)

［A］ seven more times［B］ seven times more［C］ over seven times［D］ seven times

答案为［B］。倍数+ more ...than...为固定结构。

③相比较的内容在第二次提到时常可省略。例如：

These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital information than _____ in traditional media. (1999.10)

［A］ exist［B］ exists［C］ existing［D］ to exist

答案为［A］。本句省略了主语——复数名词 restrictions，再结合上下文的时态，可断定只有［A］ 符合语法。

④常用来修饰比较级的词语有a little，a lot，much，a bit，far，hardly，slightly，even，still，rather，the，any 等。例如：

He knows little of mathematics, and _____ of chemistry. (1991)

［A］ even［B］ still less［C］ no less［D］ still more

答案为［B］。由 and 一词可知前后两个分句间为并列或递进关系，所以可排除［A］、 ［C］、 ［D］。只有［B］ 符合语法和句子意思。

2.引导比较状语从句的特殊句型及词语

(1)表示比较的特殊词语：inferior to，senior to，prior to，superior to，junior to，preferable to，minor to等。例如：

Their watch is _____ to all the other watches on the market. (1991)

［A］ superior［B］ advantageous［C］ super［D］ beneficial

答案为［A］。能和to搭配的选项有［A］、［B］ 和［D］。但根据句中空格前后出现的相同成分watch可知这是两者之间进行比较，而选项中只有［A］ superior to有比较的意义，指“比…高级，质量好”。

(2)特殊的比较句型：not so much...as...(与其说…，不如说…)；not/no more...than...(两者一样都不…)；not any/no less...than...(两者一样都…)；just as...so...(正如…，也…)等。

例1：It wasn't so much that I disliked her _____ that I just wasn't interested in the whole business.(2000.9)

［A］ rather［B］ so［C］ than［D］ as

答案为［D］。本句的基本结构仍然是not so much...as...，只是so和as后面接的是that引导的从句。本句大意是：与其说我不喜欢她，不如说我对整件事情根本不感兴趣。

例2：The heart is _____ intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain. (1994.4)

［A］ not so［B］ not much［C］ much more ［D］ no more.

答案为［D］。全句意为：心脏和胃一样都不聪明，因为它们都受控于大脑。

3.最高级

英语中的最高级常用the +形容词或副词的最高级形式，注意这种形式仅限于三者或三者以上，且常有表示比较范围的介词in, over, of, among等。如

The Social Security Retirement Program is made of two trust funds, _____ could go penniless by next year. (1997.1)

［A］ the larger one［B］ the larger of which［C］ the largest one［D］ the largest of which

答案为［B］。本题涉及两个方面的语法问题：一是定语从句的使用，二是形容词的比较级和最高级。首先，从句子的结构来看，空格前面的部分是一个完整的句子，而且在空格的前面是一个名词结构two trust funds，这就说明空格所在的部分是一个非限定性定语从句，因此，我们可以排除选择项［A］、［C］。同样它也表明这是两者之间的比较，所以要用比较级形式，而非三者或三者以上的最高级形式。这样，只有［B］ 符合条件。

推荐阅读：

2017年高考英语语法必考知识点：方式状语从句
2017年高考英语语法必考知识点：目的状语从句
2017年高考英语语法必考知识点：结果状语从句
2017年高考英语语法必考知识点：原因状语从句